Architectures for Large-Pixel-Array Direct Time-of-Flight Image Sensors

We propose three different DToF image architectures. These three architectures conform to the development trend of DToF image sensors. A 128 x 128 pixel array DToF image sensor is proposed, mainly targeting medium spatial accuracy DToF image sensors. We implemented multiple clocks to help generate time information. The architecture is an excellent choice for applications requiring a spatial resolution of 300ps or higher. A 320 x 240 pixel array DToF image sensor is also proposed. The DToF image sensor combines the features of image sensors based on TDC and time gate architectures. Therefore, it has the advantages of low power consumption and a simple structure. The DToF image sensor is also the main content of the thesis. The architecture is among the best choices for image sensors with large pixel arrays and high spatial accuracy requirements at a cost of higher power consumption. Finally, a megapixel-level DToF image sensor is also proposed. The detection efficiency of the image sensor based on the architecture is very low. However, considering that the architecture can effectively lower power consumption and shrink the size of image sensors, we think that the architecture is equally important.