Bridging the gap between model-driven and data-driven methods in the era of Big Data

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Low-light photography produces images with low signal-to-noise ratios due to limited photons. In such conditions, common approximations like the Gaussian noise model fall short, and many denoising techniques fail to remove noise effectively. Although deep- ...

Designing novel materials is greatly dependent on understanding the design principles, physical mechanisms, and modeling methods of material microstructures, requiring experienced designers with expertise and several rounds of trial and error. Although rec ...

This thesis focuses on understanding and improving the reasoning capabilities of neural networks. It develops theoretical results and empirical analyses to uncover reasoning potential and limitations, leveraging these insights to guide the design of improv ...

In inverse problems, the task is to reconstruct an unknown signal from its possibly noise-corrupted measurements. Penalized-likelihood-based estimation and Bayesian estimation are two powerful statistical paradigms for the resolution of such problems. They ...

Human babies have a natural desire to interact with new toys and objects, through which they learn how the world around them works, e.g., that glass shatters when dropped, but a rubber ball does not. When their predictions are proven incorrect, such as whe ...

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning approach where nodes collaboratively train a global model. As more nodes participate in a round of FL, the effectiveness of individual model updates by nodes also diminishes. In this study, we increase the effe ...

Decentralized learning (DL) is an emerging approach that enables nodes to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing raw data. In many application domains, such as healthcare, this approach faces challenges due to the high level of hete ...

Machine learning (ML) enables artificial intelligent (AI) agents to learn autonomously from data obtained from their environment to perform tasks. Modern ML systems have proven to be extremely effective, reaching or even exceeding human intelligence. Altho ...

When a plasma disrupts in a tokamak, significant heat and electromagnetic loads are deposited onto the surrounding device components. These forces scale with plasma current and magnetic field strength, making disruptions one of the key challenges for futur ...

Mitigating the energy requirements of artificial intelligence requires novel physical substrates for computation. Phononic metamaterials have vanishingly low power dissipation and hence are a prime candidate for green, always-on computers. However, their u ...

Web search engines process billions of queries daily, making the balance between computational efficiency and ranking quality crucial. While neural ranking models have shown impressive performance, their computational costs, particularly in feature extract ...

Current transformer-based skeletal action recognition models tend to focus on a limited set of joints and low-level motion patterns to predict action classes. This results in significant performance degradation under small skeleton perturbations or changin ...

The process of protein aggregation, central to neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s, is challenging to study due to its unpredictable nature and relatively rapid kinetics. Understanding its biomechanics is crucial for unraveling its role in disease ...

Recent developments in neural architecture search (NAS) emphasize the significance of considering robust architectures against malicious data. However, there is a notable absence of benchmark evaluations and theoretical guarantees for searching these robus ...

We propose a general framework for modelling network data that is designed to describe aspects of non-exchangeability, with an explicit parameter describing the degree of non-exchangeability. Conditional on latent (unobserved) variables, the edges of the n ...

Distributed learning is the key for enabling training of modern large-scale machine learning models, through parallelising the learning process. Collaborative learning is essential for learning from privacy-sensitive data that is distributed across various ...

Training data mixtures greatly impact the generalization performance of large language models. Existing domain reweighting methods often rely on costly weight computations and require retraining when new data is introduced. To this end, we introduce a flex ...

The recent geopolitical conflicts in Europe have underscored the vulnerability of the current energy system to the volatility of energy carrier prices. In the prospect of defining robust energy systems ensuring sustainable energy supply in the future, the ...

Modern computing has enhanced our understanding of how social interactions shape collective behaviour in animal societies. Although analytical models dominate in studying collective behaviour, this study introduces a deep learning model to assess social in ...

In this paper, we study sampling from a posterior derived from a neural network. We propose a new probabilistic model consisting of adding noise at every pre- and post-activation in the network, arguing that the resulting posterior can be sampled using an ...

Bridging the gap between model-driven and data-driven methods in the era of Big Data

Chattez avec Graph Search

Dark Noise Diffusion: Noise Synthesis for Low-Light Image Denoising

Text-to-Microstructure Generation Using Generative Deep Learning

Learning to Reason with Neural Networks: Principles and Methods

Statistical Inference for Inverse Problems: From Sparsity-Based Methods to Neural Networks

Seeking the new, learning from the unexpected: Computational models of surprise and novelty in the brain

Harnessing Increased Client Participation with Cohort-Parallel Federated Learning

Fair Decentralized Learning

Few-shot Learning for Efficient and Effective Machine Learning Model Adaptation

Plasma state monitoring and disruption characterization using multimodal VAEs

In-Sensor Passive Speech Classification with Phononic Metamaterials

Cost-Efficiency Trade-offs for Neural Cascade Rankers in Web Search

MaskCLR: Attention-Guided Contrastive Learning for Robust Action Representation Learning

Self-driving microscopy detects the onset of protein aggregation and enables intelligent Brillouin imaging

Robust NAS under adversarial training: benchmark, theory, and beyond

Tractably modelling dependence in networks beyond exchangeability

Optimization Algorithms for Decentralized, Distributed and Collaborative Machine Learning

CHAMELEON: A Flexible Data-mixing Framework for Language Model Pretraining and Finetuning

Identification of typical district configurations: A two-step global sensitivity analysis framework

Predicting the long-term collective behaviour of fish pairs with deep learning

Gibbs sampling the posterior of neural networks