Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions

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Nuclear fusion provides a potentially unlimited and clean energy source which motivates the development of fusion power plants. The tokamak is one of the most promising concepts for a future reactor, confining the fusion plasmas in a torus using strong mag ...

Power exhaust is a crucial issue for future fusion reactors. Divertor detachment and the required power dissipation fractions of about 95% are foreseen to be achieved by impurity seeding. In a tokamak, at high seeding levels the radiation often concentrate ...

A search for heavy, long-lived, charged particles with large ionization energy loss within the silicon tracker of the CMS experiment is presented. A data set of proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy at s = 13 TeV, collected in 2017 and 2018 a ...

Probing the neutral gas distribution at the edge of magnetic confinement fusion devices is critical for plasma exhaust studies. In the TCV tokamak, a set of ASDEX-type hot ionization pressure gauges (APGs) has been installed for fast, in situ measurements ...

When a plasma disrupts in a tokamak, significant heat and electromagnetic loads are deposited onto the surrounding device components. These forces scale with plasma current and magnetic field strength, making disruptions one of the key challenges for futur ...

The density limit in strongly-shaped negative triangularity (NT) discharges is studied experimentally in the DIII-D tokamak. Record-high Greenwald fractions fG are obtained, using gas puff injection only, with values up to near 2, where fG is defined as th ...

All physical processes can be described, at a fundamental level, through interactions of elementary particles. The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) describes three of the four known fundamental forces and all of the known elementary particles. The a ...

The official Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production mission aims to demonstrate the ability to generate net electricity from fusion with the STEP Prototype Power plant. One of the key technological and engineering challenges in fusion power plants is mana ...

The SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART) under commissioning at the University of Seville, Spain, aims to explore confinement properties and possible advantages in confinement for compact/spherical tokamaks operating at negative vs. positive triangularity. T ...

Using the GKEngine code which simulates an electrostatic plasma with adiabatic electron response under a sheared-slab geometry, an attempt at developing a hybrid approach between the delta-f and full-f schemes to describe plasma profiles exhibiting high fl ...

We discuss how the combination of experimental observations and rapid modeling has enabled to improve understanding of the tokamak ramp-down phase in ASDEX Upgrade. A series of dedicated experiments has been performed, to disentangle the effect of individu ...

In magnetic fusion devices, error field (EF) sources, spurious magnetic field perturbations, need to be identified and corrected for safe and stable (disruption-free) tokamak operation. Within Work Package Tokamak Exploitation RT04, a series of studies hav ...

The pre-thermal quench (pre-TQ) dynamics of a pure deuterium ( D 2 ) shattered pellet injection (SPI) into a 3 MA / 7 MJ JET H-mode plasma is studied via 3D non-linear MHD modelling with the JOREK code. The interpretative modelling captures the overall evo ...

Rapid inter-discharge simulation and optimization using the RAPTOR code have allowed the development of a reliable and reproducible early heating strategy for an advanced tokamak (AT) scenario on ASDEX Upgrade. Solving for electron heat and current diffusi ...

The EU DEMO Tokamak is foreseen to be equipped with an electron cyclotron (EC) system for plasma heating, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control, and thermal instability suppression. Up to six launchers will be installed into equatorial ports with the aim to in ...

Plasmas with negative triangularity (NT) shape have been recently shown to be able to achieve H-mode levels of confinement in L-mode, avoiding detrimental edge localised modes. Therefore, this plasma geometry is now studied as a possible viable option for ...

MAST-U is equipped with on-axis and off-axis neutral beam injectors (NBI), and these external sources of super-Alfv & eacute;nic deuterium fast-ions provide opportunities for studying a wide range of phenomena relevant to the physics of alpha-particles in ...

Local gyrokinetic simulations are used to model turbulent transport for the first time in a representative high-performance plasma discharge projected for the new JT-60SA tokamak. The discharge features a double-null separatrix, 41 MW of combined neutral b ...

The experimental fusion reactor ITER will feature two (or three) heating neutral beam injectors (NBI) capable of delivering 33(or 50) MW of power into the plasma. A NBI consists of a plasma source for production of negative ions (extracted negative ion cur ...

Nuclear fusion presents a promising clean energy source to mitigate future energy crises, with magnetic confinement fusion well-positioned to provide a baseload scenario to power future reactors. The unmitigated power exhaust of such reactors threatens its ...

Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions

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Impurity-seeded detachment in conventional and optimized TCV divertor geometry

X-point radiation: From discovery to potential application in a future reactor

Search for heavy long-lived charged particles with large ionization energy loss in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

Neutral pressure measurement in TCV tokamak using ASDEX-type pressure gauges

Plasma state monitoring and disruption characterization using multimodal VAEs

Operation Above the Greenwald Density Limit in High Performance DIII-d Negative Triangularity Discharges

Measurement of the photon polarisation in B+ -> K+ pi- pi+ gamma decays at LHCb

Models implemented in the methodological approach to design the initial STEP first wall contour

NBI optimization on SMART and implications for scenario development

Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence in magnetic fusion plasmas using a delta-f PIC scheme with evolving background

Scenario optimization for the tokamak ramp-down phase in RAPTOR: A. Analysis and model validation on ASDEX Upgrade

Error field detection and correction studies towards ITER operation

Interpretative 3D MHD modelling of deuterium SPI into a JET H-mode plasma

Inter-discharge optimization for fast, reliable access to ASDEX Upgrade advanced tokamak scenario

Design Progress of Structural Components of the EU DEMO EC Equatorial Launcher

First-principle based predictions of the effects of negative triangularity on DTT scenarios

Overview of fast particle experiments in the first MAST Upgrade experimental campaigns

Gyrokinetic turbulence modeling of a high performance scenario in JT-60SA

Optimizing the ITER NBI ion source by dedicated RF driver test stand

Experimental study and interpretative modelling of the Power Exhaust in Configurations with Multiple X-Points in TCV