Climate as complex networksThe field of complex networks has emerged as an important area of science to generate novel insights into nature of complex systems The application of network theory to climate science is a young and emerging field. To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists model climate data as complex networks. Unlike most real-world networks where nodes and edges are well defined, in climate networks, nodes are identified as the sites in a spatial grid of the underlying global climate data set, which can be represented at various resolutions.
BlasteIn cell biology, a precursor cell, also called a blast cell or simply blast, is a partially differentiated cell, usually referred to as a unipotent cell that has lost most of its stem cell properties. A precursor cell is also known as a progenitor cell but progenitor cells are multipotent. Precursor cells are known as the intermediate cell before they become differentiated after being a stem cell. Usually, a precursor cell is a stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type.
Cerveauvignette|Cerveau d'un chimpanzé. Le cerveau est le principal organe du système nerveux des animaux bilatériens. Ce terme tient du langage courant (non scientifique) et chez les chordés, comme les humains, il peut désigner l'encéphale, ou uniquement une partie de l'encéphale, le prosencéphale (télencéphale + diencéphale), voire seulement le télencéphale. Néanmoins, dans cet article, le terme « cerveau » prend son sens le plus large. Le cerveau des chordés est situé dans la tête, protégé par le crâne chez les craniés, et son volume varie grandement d'une espèce à l'autre.
Brain vesicleBrain vesicles are the bulge-like features of the early development of the neural tube in vertebrates. Vesicle formation begins shortly after anterior neural tube closure at about embryonic day 9.0 in the mouse and the fourth and fifth gestational week in human development. In zebrafish and chicken embryos, brain vesicles form by about 24 hours and 48 hours post-conception, respectively. Initially there are three primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
Optic tractIn neuroanatomy, the optic tract () is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the visual field.
Réseau socialEn sciences humaines et sociales, l'expression réseau social désigne un agencement de liens entre des individus ou des organisations, constituant un groupement qui a un sens : la famille, les collègues, un groupe d'amis, une communauté, etc. L'anthropologue australien John Arundel Barnes a introduit l'expression en 1954. L'analyse des réseaux sociaux est devenue une spécialité universitaire dans le champ de la sociologie, se fondant sur la théorie des réseaux et l'usage des graphes.
