AntimitotiqueA mitotic inhibitor is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division. These drugs disrupt microtubules, which are structures that pull the chromosomes apart when a cell divides. Mitotic inhibitors are used in cancer treatment, because cancer cells are able to grow and eventually spread through the body (metastasize) through continuous mitotic division. Thus, cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of mitosis than normal cells.
Mitochondrial permeability transition poreThe mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP or MPTP; also referred to as PTP, mTP or MTP) is a protein that is formed in the inner membrane of the mitochondria under certain pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke. Opening allows increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial membranes to molecules of less than 1500 Daltons in molecular weight. Induction of the permeability transition pore, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mPT or MPT), can lead to mitochondrial swelling and cell death through apoptosis or necrosis depending on the particular biological setting.
Souris de laboratoirethumb|upright=1.2|Souris blanches (variété albinos souvent utilisée par les laboratoires). L'expression « souris de laboratoire » désigne un rongeur sentient utilisé dans le cadre de recherches scientifiques ou de tests biologiques, par exemple allergologiques ou cancérologiques. Les laboratoires utilisent également l’expression « modèle murin ». Les souris communes (Mus musculus) ont été et continuent à être beaucoup utilisées comme organismes modèles en biologie, par exemple en génétique, en embryologie, en oncologie, en pharmacologie ou en toxicologie.
CaspaseLes caspases sont une classe de protéases à cystéine qui reconnaissent chacune une séquence particulière sur certaines protéines et hydrolysent la liaison peptidique côté carboxyle d'un résidu d'aspartate de cette séquence. Ces enzymes jouent un rôle essentiel dans les phénomènes inflammatoires ainsi que dans l'apoptose (mort cellulaire programmée) et la nécrose. Le terme « caspase » est la contraction en anglais de l'expression cysteine-aspartic protease, parfois également écrite cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease, voire cysteinyl-aspartate-cleaving protease.
Bcl-2–associated X proteinApoptosis regulator BAX, also known as bcl-2-like protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAX gene. BAX is a member of the Bcl-2 gene family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. This protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c.
Treatment of cancerCancer can be treated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy (including immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibody therapy) and synthetic lethality, most commonly as a series of separate treatments (e.g. chemotherapy before surgery). The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumor and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient (performance status). Cancer genome sequencing helps in determining which cancer the patient exactly has for determining the best therapy for the cancer.
