OvuleUn ovule est une cellule sexuelle (un gamète) produite par les femelles des animaux. Il semble probable que la reproduction sexuée soit apparue sous la forme d’une reproduction isogame (forme de fécondation impliquant des gamètes possédant la même morphologie). Aujourd’hui, l'isogamie est un phénomène rare, même chez les organismes unicellulaires. L'évolution vers l'anisogamie semble avoir été le fait d'une , les mâles produisant beaucoup de spermatozoïdes et les femelles peu d'ovules.
Sperm motilitySperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg. Sperm motility can also be thought of as the quality, which is a factor in successful conception; sperm that do not "swim" properly will not reach the egg in order to fertilize it. Sperm motility in mammals also facilitates the passage of the sperm through the cumulus oophorus (a layer of cells) and the zona pellucida (a layer of extracellular matrix), which surround the mammalian oocyte.
Protein filamentIn biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. When the filaments are packed up together, they are able to form three different cellular parts. The three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton include: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
