Œdème cérébralL'œdème cérébral est une accumulation ou un excès de liquide (ou œdème) dans les tissus intra- ou extracellulaires du cerveau. Quatre types d'œdème cérébral sont à distinguer. Il est dû à la rupture des jonctions serrées des cellules de la membrane endothéliale qui forment la barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE). Celle-ci permet normalement à la partie liquide du sang (plasma) et aux protéines plasmatiques de pénétrer dans le tissu interstitiel du parenchyme cérébral.
Anticorps neutralisantUn anticorps neutralisant (NAb) est un anticorps qui défend une cellule contre un agent pathogène ou une particule infectieuse en neutralisant ses effets biologiques. Grâce à la neutralisation, la particule n'est plus infectieuse ou pathogène.Les anticorps neutralisants contribuent à la réponse humorale du système immunitaire adaptatif contre les virus, les bactéries intracellulaires et les toxines microbiennes.
Pharming (biologie)Pharming, a portmanteau of "farming" and "pharmaceutical", refers to the use of genetic engineering to insert genes that code for useful pharmaceuticals into host animals or plants that would otherwise not express those genes, thus creating a genetically modified organism (GMO). Pharming is also known as molecular farming, molecular pharming or biopharming. The products of pharming are recombinant proteins or their metabolic products.
Expression vectorAn expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins. The vector is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector.
Cell growthCell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism). Cell growth is not to be confused with cell division or the cell cycle, which are distinct processes that can occur alongside cell growth during the process of cell proliferation, where a cell, known as the mother cell, grows and divides to produce two daughter cells.
