Drainage equationA drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. It is used in drainage design. A well known steady-state drainage equation is the Hooghoudt drain spacing equation. Its original publication is in Dutch. The equation was introduced in the USA by van Schilfgaarde. Hooghoudt's equation can be written as:.
Liquéfaction du solthumb|Immeubles partiellement enfouis et ayant basculé à la faveur d'une liquéfaction du sol lors du séisme de 1964 à Niigata, au Japon. thumb|upright|Immeuble endommagé à la suite de la liquéfaction du sol lors du séisme de 2011 en Nouvelle-Zélande. La liquéfaction du sol est un phénomène sismique géologique, généralement brutal et temporaire, par lequel un sol saturé en eau perd une partie ou la totalité de sa portance, causant ainsi l'enfoncement et l'effondrement des constructions.
Groundwater modelGroundwater models are computer models of groundwater flow systems, and are used by hydrologists and hydrogeologists. Groundwater models are used to simulate and predict aquifer conditions. An unambiguous definition of "groundwater model" is difficult to give, but there are many common characteristics. A groundwater model may be a scale model or an electric model of a groundwater situation or aquifer. Groundwater models are used to represent the natural groundwater flow in the environment.
Analogie électro-hydrauliquevignette|Analogie entre un circuit hydraulique (à gauche) et un circuit électronique (à droite). L'analogie électro-hydraulique est une apparence de similitude entre les grandeurs électriques et hydraulique. Comme le courant électrique est invisible et que les processus en jeu dans l'électronique sont souvent difficiles à démontrer, les différents composants électroniques peuvent être représentés par des équivalents hydrauliques.
Point estimationIn statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value (known as a point estimate since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameter (for example, the population mean). More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate. Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference.
Training simulationIn business, training simulation is a virtual medium through which various types of skills can be acquired. Training simulations can be used in a variety of genres; however they are most commonly used in corporate situations to improve business awareness and management skills. They are also common in academic environments as an integrated part of a business or management course. The word simulation implies an imitation of a real-life process, usually via a computer or other technological device, in order to provide a lifelike experience.
Cell growthCell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism). Cell growth is not to be confused with cell division or the cell cycle, which are distinct processes that can occur alongside cell growth during the process of cell proliferation, where a cell, known as the mother cell, grows and divides to produce two daughter cells.
Biological processBiological processes are those processes that are vital for an organism to live, and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. Metabolism and homeostasis are examples. Biological processes within an organism can also work as bioindicators. Scientists are able to look at an individual's biological processes to monitor the effects of environmental changes.
Social simulationSocial simulation is a research field that applies computational methods to study issues in the social sciences. The issues explored include problems in computational law, psychology, organizational behavior, sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, geography, engineering, archaeology and linguistics . Social simulation aims to cross the gap between the descriptive approach used in the social sciences and the formal approach used in the natural sciences, by moving the focus on the processes/mechanisms/behaviors that build the social reality.
Fidélité (psychométrie)En psychométrie, la fidélité d'un test psychologique, ou fiabilité d'un test (reliability en anglais), est une des trois grandes mesures de la qualité du test (les deux autres étant la sensibilité et la validité). Cette mesure est prise lors d'une procédure de standardisation d'un test. Avant sa publication, un test psychologique est généralement évalué sur de larges échantillons de la population. Les résultats de cette procédure sont évalués : si le test obtient de bons indices de fidélité et de validité, il est considéré comme suffisamment robuste pour être publié et utilisé.
DimensionLe terme dimension, du latin dimensio « action de mesurer », désigne d’abord chacune des grandeurs d’un objet : longueur, largeur et profondeur, épaisseur ou hauteur, ou encore son diamètre si c'est une pièce de révolution. L’acception a dérivé de deux façons différentes en physique et en mathématiques. En physique, la dimension qualifie une grandeur indépendamment de son unité de mesure, tandis qu’en mathématiques, la notion de dimension correspond au nombre de grandeurs nécessaires pour identifier un objet, avec des définitions spécifiques selon le type d’objet (algébrique, topologique ou combinatoire notamment).
Business simulationBusiness simulation or corporate simulation is simulation used for business training, education or analysis. It can be scenario-based or numeric-based. Most business simulations are used for business acumen training and development. Learning objectives include: strategic thinking, decision making, problem solving, financial analysis, market analysis, operations, teamwork and leadership. The business gaming community seems lately to have adopted the term business simulation game instead of just gaming or just simulation.
