Student-centered learningStudent-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement.
ApprentissageL’apprentissage est un ensemble de mécanismes menant à l'acquisition de savoir-faire, de savoirs ou de connaissances. L'acteur de l'apprentissage est appelé apprenant. On peut opposer l'apprentissage à l'enseignement dont le but est de dispenser des connaissances et savoirs, l'acteur de l'enseignement étant l'enseignant.
Teacher educationTeacher education or teacher training refers to programs, policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, approaches, methodologies and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers). There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities.
Certified teacherA certified teacher is an educator who has earned credentials from an authoritative source, such as the government, a higher education institution or a private body or source. This teacher qualification gives a teacher authorization to teach and grade in pre-schools, primary or secondary education in countries, schools, content areas or curricula where authorization is required. While many authorizing entities require student teaching experience before earning teacher certification, routes vary from country to country.
Learning spaceLearning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others.
Learning environmentThe term learning environment can refer to an educational approach, cultural context, or physical setting in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom", but it typically refers to the context of educational philosophy or knowledge experienced by the student and may also encompass a variety of learning cultures—its presiding ethos and characteristics, how individuals interact, governing structures, and philosophy.
Learning management systemEn technologies de l'information et de la communication, un learning management system (LMS) ou learning support system (LSS) est un logiciel qui accompagne et gère un processus d'apprentissage ou un parcours pédagogique. En français, on parle de « plateforme d'apprentissage », « système de gestion de l'apprentissage », « centre de formation virtuel », « plate-forme e-learning », « formation ouverte et à distance » (FOAD) ou « formation en ligne », et, particulièrement au Québec, d'« environnement numérique d'apprentissage » (ENA).
Experiential learningExperiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing". Hands-on learning can be a form of experiential learning, but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their product. Experiential learning is distinct from rote or didactic learning, in which the learner plays a comparatively passive role. It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.
Styles d'apprentissageLes styles d’apprentissage constituent une gamme de théories concurrentes et contestées qui, à partir d’un concept commun selon lequel les apprenants diffèreraient dans la façon d’acquérir leur connaissances, vise à tenir compte desdites différences d’acquisition supposées chez les apprenants. Bien que ces diverses théories divergent dans leurs vues sur la façon dont lesdits styles doivent être définis et classés, ces théories suggèrent que tous les apprenants pourraient être étiquetés en fonction d’un « style » d’apprentissage particulier comme « visuel », « auditif », « kinesthésique », « tactile », etc.
Technologies de l'éducationLes technologies de l'éducation (Edtech en anglais, pour Educational technology) désignent l'ensemble des nouvelles technologies permettant de faciliter l’enseignement et l'apprentissage. On parle alors de technologies pédagogiques qui permettent d'apprendre de nouveaux contenus sous une forme ludique, stimulante et innovante. Le terme Edtech, né de la contraction d'« éducation » et de « technologie », est apparu dans la littérature anglophone en 2010. Il est devenu populaire pour désigner les startups qui innovent au service de l'éducation.
EnseignantUn enseignant est une personne chargée de transmettre des connaissances ou méthodes de raisonnement à autrui dans le cadre d'une formation générale ou d'une formation spécifique à une matière, un domaine ou une discipline scolaire. Le terme « enseignant » désigne la personne qui enseigne aux élèves (en primaire et secondaire). Dans certains contextes, les enseignants peuvent également être appelés « professeurs ». En France, le corps des professeurs des écoles a remplacé celui des instituteurs dans le primaire.
Personalized learningPersonalized learning, individualized instruction, personal learning environment and direct instruction all refer to efforts to tailor education to meet the different needs of students. The use of the term "personalized learning" dates back to at least the early 1960s, but there is no widespread agreement on the definition and components of a personal learning environment. Even enthusiasts for the concept admit that personal learning is an evolving term and doesn't have any widely accepted definition.
Student teacherA student teacher or prac teacher (practice teacher) is a college, university or graduate student who is teaching under the supervision of a certified teacher in order to qualify for a degree in education. The term is also often used interchangeably with pre-service teacher. It is a much broader term to include those students that are studying the required coursework in pedagogy, as well as their specialty, but have not entered the supervised teaching portion of their training.
User interface designUser interface (UI) design or user interface engineering is the design of user interfaces for machines and software, such as computers, home appliances, mobile devices, and other electronic devices, with the focus on maximizing usability and the user experience. In computer or software design, user interface (UI) design primarily focuses on information architecture. It is the process of building interfaces that clearly communicates to the user what's important. UI design refers to graphical user interfaces and other forms of interface design.
Service-learningService-learning is an educational approach that combines learning objectives with community service in order to provide a pragmatic, progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs. Service-learning involves students (k-12, higher ed) in service projects to apply classroom learning for local agencies that exist to effect positive change in the community. The National Youth Leadership Council defines service learning as "a philosophy, pedagogy, and model for community development that is used as an instructional strategy to meet learning goals and/or content standards.
Qualified teacher statusQualified teacher status (QTS) or Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills status (QTLS) is required in England and Wales to work as a teacher of children in state schools under local authority control, and in special education schools. A similar status exists under a different name in Scotland and Northern Ireland. An undergraduate degree and successful completion of a teacher training programme is compulsory for QTS recommendation.
Designvignette|Chaise de Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1897. Le design, le stylisme ou la stylique est une activité de création souvent à vocation industrielle ou commerciale, pouvant s’orienter vers les milieux sociaux, politiques, scientifiques et environnementaux. Le but premier du design est d’inventer, d’améliorer ou de faciliter l’usage ou le processus d’un élément ayant à interagir avec un produit ou un service matériel ou virtuel.
Prototypevignette|Photographie d'un prototype BMW : la BMW Nazca C2 Dans le domaine de l'industrie et plus généralement de la recherche et développement (R&D), un prototype est selon la définition de l'OCDE , mais il s'agit aussi parfois d'un exemplaire incomplet (et non définitif) de ce que pourra être un produit (éventuellement de type logiciel, ou de type « service »Djellal, F., Gallouj, C., Gallouj, F., Francoz, D., & Jacquin, Y. (2001).
Outilthumb|Une boîte à outils en bois des années 1950. Un outil est un objet physique utilisé par un être vivant directement, ou par l'intermédiaire d'une machine, afin d'exercer une action le plus souvent mécanique, ou thermique, sur un élément d'environnement à traiter (matière brute, objet fini ou semi-fini, être vivant, etc). Il améliore l'efficacité des actions entreprises ou donne accès à des actions impossibles autrement. Beaucoup procurent un avantage mécanique en fonctionnant selon le principe d'une machine simple, comme la pince-monseigneur, qui exploite le principe du levier.
ÉtudiantUn étudiant ou une étudiante est un mot dérivé du latin studere qui signifie « s'appliquer à apprendre quelque chose ». Cependant, le terme ne s'applique pas à toute personne qui apprend. On le réserve généralement aux personnes intégrées dans un parcours scolaire ou universitaire. Dans la plupart des pays francophones, l'usage du mot « étudiant » est encore plus restreint. Le plus couramment, il désigne les personnes engagées dans un cursus d'enseignement supérieur.
