Linear time-invariant systemIn system analysis, among other fields of study, a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is a system that produces an output signal from any input signal subject to the constraints of linearity and time-invariance; these terms are briefly defined below. These properties apply (exactly or approximately) to many important physical systems, in which case the response y(t) of the system to an arbitrary input x(t) can be found directly using convolution: y(t) = (x ∗ h)(t) where h(t) is called the system's impulse response and ∗ represents convolution (not to be confused with multiplication).
Gabor waveletGabor wavelets are wavelets invented by Dennis Gabor using complex functions constructed to serve as a basis for Fourier transforms in information theory applications. They are very similar to Morlet wavelets. They are also closely related to Gabor filters. The important property of the wavelet is that it minimizes the product of its standard deviations in the time and frequency domain. Put another way, the uncertainty in information carried by this wavelet is minimized.
Continuous waveletIn numerical analysis, continuous wavelets are functions used by the continuous wavelet transform. These functions are defined as analytical expressions, as functions either of time or of frequency. Most of the continuous wavelets are used for both wavelet decomposition and composition transforms. That is they are the continuous counterpart of orthogonal wavelets. The following continuous wavelets have been invented for various applications: Poisson wavelet Morlet wavelet Modified Morlet wavelet Mexican ha
Quadrature mirror filterIn digital signal processing, a quadrature mirror filter is a filter whose magnitude response is the mirror image around of that of another filter. Together these filters, first introduced by Croisier et al., are known as the quadrature mirror filter pair. A filter is the quadrature mirror filter of if . The filter responses are symmetric about : In audio/voice codecs, a quadrature mirror filter pair is often used to implement a filter bank that splits an input signal into two bands.
Système linéaireUn système linéaire (le terme système étant pris au sens de l'automatique, à savoir un système dynamique) est un objet du monde matériel qui peut être décrit par des équations linéaires (équations linéaires différentielles ou aux différences), ou encore qui obéit au principe de superposition : toute combinaison linéaire des variables de ce système est encore une variable de ce système. Les systèmes non linéaires sont plus difficiles à étudier que les systèmes linéaires.
Filter designFilter design is the process of designing a signal processing filter that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which may be conflicting. The purpose is to find a realization of the filter that meets each of the requirements to a sufficient degree to make it useful. The filter design process can be described as an optimization problem where each requirement contributes to an error function that should be minimized. Certain parts of the design process can be automated, but normally an experienced electrical engineer is needed to get a good result.
Filtre (optique)vignette|Filtre optique pour la photographie. En optique, un filtre est un dispositif qui laisse passer une partie du rayonnement lumineux, sans autrement affecter son cheminement. Les filtres sont utilisés en photographie, dans de nombreux instruments d'optique comme ceux utilisés en astronomie, ainsi que pour l'éclairage de scène de spectacle. On distingue trois procédés de filtrage : le filtrage par absorption transmet ou absorbe le rayonnement selon sa longueur d'onde dans le vide.
Sinc filterIn signal processing, a sinc filter is an idealized filter that removes all frequency components above a given cutoff frequency, without affecting lower frequencies, and has linear phase response. The filter's impulse response is a sinc function in the time domain \left(\tfrac{\sin(\pi t)}{\pi t}\right), and its frequency response is a rectangular function. It is an "ideal" low-pass filter in the frequency sense, perfectly passing low frequencies, perfectly cutting high frequencies; and thus may be considered to be a brick-wall filter.
All-pass filterAn all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level. A common application in electronic music production is in the design of an effects unit known as a "phaser", where a number of all-pass filters are connected in sequence and the output mixed with the raw signal.
Retard de groupe et retard de phaseEn traitement du signal, le temps de propagation de groupe ou retard de groupe est le retard infligé par un filtre, en secondes, de l'enveloppe en amplitude pour un signal à bande étroite. Le retard de phase est le retard (en secondes) de chaque composante fréquentielle calculé à partir de la réponse en phase du filtre. Le temps de propagation de groupe et le retard de phase dépendent en général de la fréquence, à l'exception d'un filtre à phase linéaire dont le retard de groupe et de phase sont constants et sont tous deux égaux.
Filtre (photographie)thumb|Porte-filtres monté sur une optique Nikkor Les filtres utilisés en photographie ou en cinématographie permettent d'ajuster la température de couleur, de compenser l'exposition, de créer des effets optiques simples. Depuis l'avènement de la prise de vues numérique, l'usage de filtres optiques a souvent laissé place à l'application de filtres virtuels à l'aide de logiciels de et de . Une multitude de matériaux permettent la fabrication de filtres : verre, résine, gélatine, acétate de cellulose, polyester, polycarbonate, etc.
MultirésolutionA multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and the justification for the algorithm of the fast wavelet transform (FWT). It was introduced in this context in 1988/89 by Stephane Mallat and Yves Meyer and has predecessors in the microlocal analysis in the theory of differential equations (the ironing method) and the s of as introduced in 1981/83 by Peter J. Burt, Edward H. Adelson and James L.
