Supernova à effondrement de cœurvignette|upright=1.3|Représentation d'artiste de SN 1987A. La supernova à effondrement de cœur est l'un des deux principaux mécanismes de formation de supernova, l'autre étant la supernova thermonucléaire (). Les types spectraux correspondants sont le , le (si l'étoile a perdu son enveloppe d'hydrogène) ou le (si l'étoile a perdu ses enveloppes d'hydrogène et d'hélium). Ce type de supernova correspond à l'expulsion violente des couches externes des étoiles massives (à partir de ) en fin de vie.
Phosphorus trifluoridePhosphorus trifluoride (formula PF3), is a colorless and odorless gas. It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water. Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes. As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls, and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide. Phosphorus trifluoride has an F−P−F bond angle of approximately 96.3°. Gaseous PF3 has a standard enthalpy of formation of −945 kJ/mol (−226 kcal/mol).
Abnormal grain growthAbnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon through which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution. In ceramic materials this phenomenon can result in the formation of elongated prismatic, acicular (needle-like) grains in a densified matrix with implications for improved fracture toughness through the impedance of crack propagation.
