Human interface deviceA human interface device or HID is a type of computer device usually used by humans that takes input from humans and gives output to humans. The term "HID" most commonly refers to the USB HID specification. The term was coined by Mike Van Flandern of Microsoft when he proposed that the USB committee create a Human Input Device class working group. The working group was renamed as the Human Interface Device class at the suggestion of Tom Schmidt of DEC because the proposed standard supported bi-directional communication.
Composant d'interface graphiqueEn informatique, un composant d'interface graphique (aussi appelé widget en anglais ou encore control) est un élément de base d'une interface graphique avec lequel un utilisateur peut interagir (par exemple une fenêtre ou une zone de texte). Ces composants sont généralement regroupés dans des boîtes à outils graphiques (appelées toolkit en anglais). Une fois assemblés par un programmeur, ces composants forment une interface graphique complète. L'appellation control est connotée Microsoft.
Mode (user interface)In user interface design, a mode is a distinct setting within a computer program or any physical machine interface, in which the same user input will produce perceived results different from those that it would in other settings. Modal interface components include the Caps lock and Insert keys on the standard computer keyboard, both of which typically put the user's typing into a different mode after being pressed, then return it to the regular mode after being re-pressed. An interface that uses no modes is known as a modeless interface.
Hardware virtualizationHardware virtualization is the virtualization of computers as complete hardware platforms, certain logical abstractions of their componentry, or only the functionality required to run various operating systems. Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of a computing platform from the users, presenting instead an abstract computing platform. At its origins, the software that controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but the terms "hypervisor" or "virtual machine monitor" became preferred over time.
Emotion recognitionEmotion recognition is the process of identifying human emotion. People vary widely in their accuracy at recognizing the emotions of others. Use of technology to help people with emotion recognition is a relatively nascent research area. Generally, the technology works best if it uses multiple modalities in context. To date, the most work has been conducted on automating the recognition of facial expressions from video, spoken expressions from audio, written expressions from text, and physiology as measured by wearables.
Reconnaissance de formesthumb|Reconnaissance de forme à partir de modélisation en 3D La reconnaissance de formes (ou parfois reconnaissance de motifs) est un ensemble de techniques et méthodes visant à identifier des régularités informatiques à partir de données brutes afin de prendre une décision dépendant de la catégorie attribuée à ce motif. On considère que c'est une branche de l'intelligence artificielle qui fait largement appel aux techniques d'apprentissage automatique et aux statistiques.
Reconnaissance optique de caractèresvignette|Vidéo montrant un processus de reconnaissance optique de caractères effectué en direct grâce à un scanner portable. La reconnaissance optique de caractères (ROC, ou OCR pour l'anglais optical character recognition), ou océrisation, désigne les procédés informatiques pour la traduction d'images de textes imprimés ou dactylographiés en fichiers de texte. Un ordinateur réclame pour l'exécution de cette tâche un logiciel d'OCR.
Reconnaissance gestuelleGesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. It is a subdiscipline of computer vision. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state, but commonly originate from the face or hand. Focuses in the field include emotion recognition from face and hand gesture recognition since they are all expressions. Users can make simple gestures to control or interact with devices without physically touching them.
Discrimination selon l'apparence physiqueLa discrimination selon l'apparence physique, porte sur les caractéristiques visibles d'un individu modifiable ou non qu'il s'agisse de son physique proprement dit (taille, poids, visage, cheveux, couleur de peau), de sa vêture, de ses tatouages, piercing et maquillage. Parfois désignée par le néologisme lookisme (du mot anglais lookism, composé de look : apparence et -ism : -isme), désigne la création de stéréotypes et les discriminations pour cause d'apparence physique.
Body imageBody image is a person's thoughts, feelings and perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body. The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including neuroscience, psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy, cultural and feminist studies; the media also often uses the term.
Health technologyHealth technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients.
Expression facialeL'expression faciale est un aspect important du comportement et de la communication non verbale. Déjà étudiée par Darwin et Duchenne de Boulogne au , l'expression faciale a joué un rôle majeur dans la recherche sur les émotions depuis les travaux de dans les années 1960. Ses élèves Paul Ekman et ont défendu l'idée d'un nombre limité d'émotions de base auxquelles sont associées des expressions faciales automatiques, universelles et innées. L'expression faciale joue aussi un rôle important dans la langue des signes.
