Abduction (logique)L'abduction (du latin « abductio » : emmener) est un type de raisonnement consistant à inférer des causes probables à un fait observé. Autrement dit, il s'agit d'établir une cause la plus vraisemblable à un fait constaté et d'affirmer, à titre d'hypothèse de travail, que le fait en question résulte probablement de cette cause. Par exemple, en médecine, l’abduction est utilisée pour faire des diagnostics.
Domain-specific modelingDomain-specific modeling (DSM) is a software engineering methodology for designing and developing systems, such as computer software. It involves systematic use of a domain-specific language to represent the various facets of a system. Domain-specific modeling languages tend to support higher-level abstractions than general-purpose modeling languages, so they require less effort and fewer low-level details to specify a given system.
Criterion-referenced testA criterion-referenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score. Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests. In this case, the objective is simply to see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment. Criterion-referenced testing was a major focus of psychometric research in the 1970s.
