Pavage de Penrosevignette|Un pavage de Penrose|alt= vignette|Roger Penrose, debout sur le pavage de Penrose du foyer de l'institut Mitchell, Texas A&M University|alt= Les pavages de Penrose sont, en géométrie, des pavages du plan découverts par le mathématicien et physicien britannique Roger Penrose dans les années 1970. En 1984, ils ont été utilisés comme un modèle intéressant de la structure des quasi-cristaux.
Nanoimprint lithographyNanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns. It is a simple nanolithography process with low cost, high throughput and high resolution. It creates patterns by mechanical deformation of imprint resist and subsequent processes. The imprint resist is typically a monomer or polymer formulation that is cured by heat or UV light during the imprinting. Adhesion between the resist and the template is controlled to allow proper release.
Communication interventriculaireLa (en abrégé CIV) est la malformation cardiaque congénitale la plus fréquente avant la CIA : elle représenterait près de 33 % de l'ensemble des cardiopathies congénitales chez l'humain. Dans le cœur normal, la cloison qui sépare les ventricules droit et gauche, dénommée « septum interventriculaire », est totalement hermétique. Une CIV correspond à la présence d'un orifice plus ou moins large dans cette cloison, permettant le passage direct du sang d'un ventricule à l'autre.
Distance matrixIn mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise, between the elements of a set. Depending upon the application involved, the distance being used to define this matrix may or may not be a metric. If there are N elements, this matrix will have size N×N. In graph-theoretic applications, the elements are more often referred to as points, nodes or vertices. In general, a distance matrix is a weighted adjacency matrix of some graph.
Interference lithographyInterference lithography (or holographic lithography) is a technique for patterning regular arrays of fine features, without the use of complex optical systems or photomasks. The basic principle is the same as in interferometry or holography. An interference pattern between two or more coherent light waves is set up and recorded in a recording layer (photoresist). This interference pattern consists of a periodic series of fringes representing intensity minima and maxima.
Acyanotic heart defectAn acyanotic heart defect, is a class of congenital heart defects. In these, blood is shunted (flows) from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart, most often due to a structural defect (hole) in the interventricular septum. People often retain normal levels of oxyhemoglobin saturation in systemic circulation. This term is outdated, because a person with an acyanotic heart defect may show cyanosis (turn blue due to insufficient oxygen in the blood).
