Cloud computingLe cloud computing , en français l'informatique en nuage (ou encore l'infonuagique au Canada), est la pratique consistant à utiliser des serveurs informatiques à distance et hébergés sur internet pour stocker, gérer et traiter des données, plutôt qu'un serveur local ou un ordinateur personnel. Les principaux services proposés en cloud computing sont le SaaS (Software as a Service), le PaaS (Platform as a Service) et le IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) ou le MBaaS ().
Seasonal energy efficiency ratioIn the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. A similar standard is the European seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ESEER). The SEER rating of a unit is the cooling output during a typical cooling-season divided by the total electric energy input during the same period.
In-memory processingIn computer science, in-memory processing (PIM) is a computer architecture for processing data stored in an in-memory database. In-memory processing improves the power usage and performance of moving data between the processor and the main memory. Older systems have been based on disk storage and relational databases using Structured Query Language, which are increasingly regarded as inadequate to meet business intelligence (BI) needs.
Nonvolatile BIOS memoryNonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings. It is traditionally called CMOS RAM because it uses a volatile, low-power complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) SRAM (such as the Motorola MC146818 or similar) powered by a small "CMOS" battery when system and standby power is off. It is referred to as non-volatile memory or NVRAM because, after the system loses power, it does retain state by virtue of the CMOS battery. The typical NVRAM capacity is 256 bytes.
Test de performancethumb|Comparaison de performance entre différents types d'ordinateurs. Un test de performance est un test dont l'objectif est de déterminer la performance d'un système informatique. L'acception la plus courante de ce terme est celle dans laquelle ces tests logiciels vont avoir pour objectif de mesurer les temps de réponse d'un système applicatif en fonction de sa sollicitation. Cette définition est donc très proche de celle de test de charge où l'on mesure le comportement d'un système en fonction de la charge d'utilisateurs simultanés.
Calcul distribuéUn calcul distribué, ou réparti ou encore partagé, est un calcul ou un traitement réparti sur plusieurs microprocesseurs et plus généralement sur plusieurs unités centrales informatiques, et on parle alors d'architecture distribuée ou de système distribué. Le calcul distribué est souvent réalisé sur des clusters de calcul spécialisés, mais peut aussi être réalisé sur des stations informatiques individuelles à plusieurs cœurs. La distribution d'un calcul est un domaine de recherche des sciences mathématiques et informatiques.
Informatique quantiqueL'informatique quantique est le sous-domaine de l'informatique qui traite des calculateurs quantiques et des associés. La notion s'oppose à celle d'informatique dite « classique » n'utilisant que des phénomènes de physique classique, notamment de l'électricité (exemple du transistor) ou de mécanique classique (exemple historique de la machine analytique). En effet, l'informatique quantique utilise également des phénomènes de la mécanique quantique, à savoir l'intrication quantique et la superposition.
Utility computingUtility computing, or computer utility, is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate. Like other types of on-demand computing (such as grid computing), the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs. Utility is the packaging of system resources, such as computation, storage and services, as a metered service.
Contrôleur mémoireThe memory controller is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going to and from the computer's main memory. A memory controller can be a separate chip or integrated into another chip, such as being placed on the same die or as an integral part of a microprocessor; in the latter case, it is usually called an integrated memory controller (IMC). A memory controller is sometimes also called a memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU).
Three-dimensional integrated circuitA three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) is a MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by stacking as many as 16 or more ICs and interconnecting them vertically using, for instance, through-silicon vias (TSVs) or Cu-Cu connections, so that they behave as a single device to achieve performance improvements at reduced power and smaller footprint than conventional two dimensional processes. The 3D IC is one of several 3D integration schemes that exploit the z-direction to achieve electrical performance benefits in microelectronics and nanoelectronics.
Memory pagingIn computer operating systems, memory paging (or swapping on some Unix-like systems) is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memory implementations in modern operating systems, using secondary storage to let programs exceed the size of available physical memory.
Mémoire cacheUne mémoire cache ou antémémoire est, en informatique, une mémoire qui enregistre temporairement des copies de données provenant d'une source, afin de diminuer le temps d'un accès ultérieur (en lecture) d'un matériel informatique (en général, un processeur) à ces données. Le principe du cache est également utilisable en écriture, et existe alors en trois modes possibles : write-through, write-back et write-around.
