Regulation of cytokine secretion by immunometabolites

Immunometabolites are capable of contributing to the intricate intercellular cytokine signaling networks through a variety of different mechanisms, which will be detailed in this chapter. Their ability to regulate cytokines in this manner has led to the notion that they actually act as cytokines themselves, offering another layer of immune regulation that may be targeted therapeutically. Along these lines, several immunometabolism-targeting strategies are in development with the ultimate goal of treating conditions characterized by dysregulated cytokine release, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, for which one of the first-line therapies is already a metabolite derivative called dimethyl fumarate. In this chapter, we will outline, cytokine by cytokine, how immunometabolites regulate cytokine secretion from both innate and adaptive immune cells.