Fear learning induces synaptic potentiation between engram neurons in the rat lateral amygdala

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Regulation of melanin-based pigmentation is complex, involving multiple genes. Because different genes can contribute to the same pigmentation phenotype, the genes identified in model organisms may not necessarily apply to wild species. In the barn owl (Ty ...

The function of the neocortex is fundamentally determined by its repeating microcircuit motif, but also by its rich, hierarchical, interregional structure with a highly specific laminar architecture. The last decade has seen the emergence of extensive new ...

Digital brain atlases define a hierarchy of brain regions and their locations in three-dimensional space. They provide a standard coordinate system in which diverse datasets can be integrated for visualization and analysis. They also enable building of dat ...

All functions we use in our everyday life depend on a complex interplay between both cortical and subcortical brain areas, communicating in between each others. When a region is affected by either an accident, aging or neurodegenerative diseases, the whole ...

Developing spinal circuits generate patterned motor outputs while many neurons with high membrane resistances are still maturing. In the spinal cord of hatchling frog tadpoles of unknown sex, we found that the firing reliability in swimming of inhibitory i ...

While sensory representations in the brain depend on context, it remains unclear how such modulations are implemented at the biophysical level, and how processing layers further in the hierarchy can extract useful features for each possible contex-tual sta ...

For over 30 years, carbon fiber microelectrodes have been the gold standard for measurements related to exocytosis and more generally to the processes taking place at the synaptic level. However, this method has a low throughput and molecules can escape de ...

IntroductionThreat processing, enabled by threat circuits, is supported by a remarkably conserved neural architecture across mammals. Threatening stimuli relevant for most species include the threat of being attacked by a predator or an aggressive conspeci ...

Neuromodulation of neocortical microcircuits is one of the most fascinating and mysterious aspects of brain physiology. Despite over a century of research, the neuroscientific community has yet to uncover the fundamental biological organizing principles un ...

Learning and memory rely on synaptic communication in which intracellular signals are transported to the nucleus to stimulate transcriptional activation. Memory induced transcriptional increases are accompanied by alterations to the epigenetic landscape an ...

Objective: Depotentiation of homosynaptic plasticity of the primary motor cortex (M1) is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have developed dyskinesias. In this exploratory study, we tested whether this holds true for heterosynaptic plas ...

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly abused psychostimulant that is neurotoxic to dopaminergic (DAergic) nerve terminals in the striatum and increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). In vivo, METH-mediated DA release, followed by DA-mediated ...

The decline of neuronal synapses is an established feature of ageing accompanied by the diminishment of neuronal function, and in the motor system at least, a reduction of behavioural capacity. Here, we have investigated Drosophila motor neuron synaptic te ...

alpha-Synuclein aggregation at the synapse is an early event in Parkinson's disease and is associated with impaired striatal synaptic function and dopaminergic neuronal death. The cysteine string protein (CSP alpha) and alpha-synuclein have partially overl ...

Hippocampus plays a critical role in linking brain energetics and behavior typically associated to stress exposure. In this study, we aimed to simultaneously assess excitatory and inhibitory neuronal metabolism in mouse hippocampus in vivo by applying (18) ...

The thalamus, once believed to be a simple relay station between the body periphery and the neocortex, has started to be recognized as a key player in higher-order functions, such as attention. It participates in the transition between brain states, such a ...

In addition to neuronal death and elimination of synapses, the production of transient, exuberant axons, and axonal branches is a general phenomenon in development across species and systems. To understand what drives the decision of which axons are mainta ...

Mouse primary somatosensory barrel cortex (wS1) processes whisker sensory information, receiving input from two distinct thalamic nuclei. The first-order ventral posterior medial (VPM) somatosensory thalamic nucleus most densely innervates layer 4 (L4) bar ...

Metastasis-the disseminated growth of tumours in distant organs-underlies cancer mortality. Breast-to-brain metastasis (B2BM) is a common and disruptive form of cancer and is prevalent in the aggressive basal-like subtype, but is also found at varying freq ...

Neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine (ACh), control information processing in neural microcircuits by regulating neuronal and synaptic physiology. Computational models and simulations enable predictions on the potential role of ACh in reconfiguring netwo ...

Fear learning induces synaptic potentiation between engram neurons in the rat lateral amygdala

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Melanin and Neurotransmitter Signalling Genes Are Differentially Co-Expressed in Growing Feathers of White and Rufous Barn Owls

Modeling and Simulation of Neocortical Micro- and Mesocircuitry. Part I: Anatomy

Enhancement of brain atlases with region-specific coordinate systems: flatmaps and barrel column annotations

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation to modulate human behavior by means of transcranial temporal interference electrical stimulation

Mechanisms Underlying the Recruitment of Inhibitory Interneurons in Fictive Swimming in Developing Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

NMDA-driven dendritic modulation enables multitask representation learning in hierarchical sensory processing pathways

Rapid exocytosis kinetics measured by amperometry within volcano microelectrodes

Human threat circuits: Threats of pain, aggressive conspecific, and predator elicit distinct BOLD activations in the amygdala and hypothalamus

Neuromodulation of neocortical microcircuitry: a multi-scale framework to model the effects of cholinergic release

Epigenetic memory aids: Synaptic and molecular effects of HDAC inhibition that support memory formation

Depotentiation of associative plasticity is intact in Parkinson's disease with mild dyskinesia

Dopamine and Methamphetamine Differentially Affect Electron Transport Chain Complexes and Parkin in Rat Striatum: New Insight into Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity

Miniature neurotransmission is required to maintain Drosophila synaptic structures during ageing

CSP alpha reduces aggregates and rescues striatal dopamine release in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice

Excitatory/inhibitory neuronal metabolic balance in mouse hippocampus upon infusion of [U-C-13(6)]glucose

A computational biophysical model of thalamic and reticular nucleus microcircuitry: from neurons to emergent network dynamics

The Target of Exuberant Projections in Development

Pathway-, layer- and cell-type-specific thalamic input to mouse barrel cortex

Synaptic proximity enables NMDAR signalling to promote brain metastasis

Data-Driven Modeling of Cholinergic Modulation of Neural Microcircuits: Bridging Neurons, Synapses and Network Activity