Insect immunity: from pattern recognition to symbiont-mediated host defense

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While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of immunology. Innate immunity provides the first barrier to infection in vertebrates, ...

Cecropins are small helical secreted peptides with antimicrobial activity that are widely distributed among insects. Genes encoding Cecropins are strongly induced upon infection, pointing to their role in host defense. In Drosophila, four cecropin genes cl ...

The use of tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and the powerful genetic tools they offer has contributed significantly to recent advances in comprehension of innate immunity, notably phagocytosis. To date, several phagocytic transmemb ...

Endozoicomonas are prevalent, abundant bacterial associates of marine animals, including corals. Their role in holobiont health and functioning, however, remains poorly understood. To identify potential interactions within the coral holobiont, we character ...

All metazoan guts are subject to opposing pressures wherein the immune system must eliminate pathogens while tolerating the presence of symbiotic microbiota. The Imd pathway is an essential defense against invading pathogens in insect guts, but tolerance m ...

Background: Inborn errors of intrinsic and innate immunity constitute the focus of a growing research field that investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility to infections previously not considered part of the spectrum of inborn errors o ...

Insects are frequently infected with heritable bacterial endosymbionts. Endosymbionts have a dramatic impact on their host physiology and evolution. Their tissue distribution is variable with some species being housed intracellularly, some extracellularly ...

All live beings are in constant interaction with microorganisms that may be beneficial, deleterious or commensal. Insects in particular live in close contact with microorganisms. This is especially true for species, like the fruit fly Drosophila melanogast ...

Spiroplasma is a genus of Mollicutes whose members include plant pathogens, insect pathogens and endosymbionts of animals. Spiroplasma phenotypes have been repeatedly observed to be spontaneously lost in Drosophila cultures, and several studies have docume ...

The use of modern molecular biology tools and simple but powerful tractable model organisms such as Drosophila has contributed significantly to our recent advances in the innate immunity field, notably phagocytosis. Since 2001, many phagocytic transmembran ...

Iron sequestration is a recognized innate immune mechanism against invading pathogens mediated by iron-binding proteins called transferrins. Despite many studies on antimicrobial activity of transferrins in vitro, their specific in vivo functions are poorl ...

Mitochondria have emerged as key actors of innate and adaptive immunity. Mitophagy has a pivotal role in cell homeostasis, but its contribution to macrophage functions and host defense remains to be delineated. Here, we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ...

The innate immune system has evolved to detect pathogens through germlineencoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Nucleic acid sensors, a defined class of PRRs, bind to microbial and viral nucleic acids and trigger the production of type I interferons ...

Insects are frequently infected by bacterial symbionts that greatly affect their physiology and ecology. Most of these endosymbionts are, however, barely tractable outside their native host, rendering functional genetics studies difficult or impossible. Sp ...

Long-term intracellular symbiosis (or endosymbiosis) is widely distributed across invertebrates and is recognized as a major driving force in evolution. However, the maintenance of immune homeostasis in organisms chronically infected with mutualistic bacte ...

Eater and NimC1 are transmembrane receptors of the Drosophila Nimrod family, specifically expressed in haemocytes, the insect blood cells. Previous ex vivo and in vivoRNAi studies have pointed to their role in the phagocytosis of bacteria. Here, we have cr ...

Background: The importance of sex and gender as modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes is well known in other disciplines of medicine, such as cardiology, but remains an undervalued issue in oncology. Considering the increasing evidence for t ...

The melanization response is an important defense mechanism in arthropods. This reaction is mediated by phenoloxidases (POs), which are activated by complex extracellular serine protease (SP) cascades. Here, we investigate the role of SPs in the melanizati ...

Many insect species are associated with endosymbiotic bacteria which have the particularity of living within host tissues. Endosymbionts benefit from this stable and nutritious environment, while providing ecological advantages to their host, such as prote ...

Vaccines have been one of the most successful interventions in global health. However, traditional vaccine development has proven insufficient to deal with pathogens that elude the immune system through highly variable and non-functional epitopes. Emerging ...

Insect immunity: from pattern recognition to symbiont-mediated host defense

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The conceptual foundations of innate immunity: Taking stock 30 years later

Cecropins contribute to Drosophila host defense against a subset of fungal and Gram-negative bacterial infection

The role of the Nimrod proteins in the Drosophila immune system

Coral holobiont cues prime Endozoicomonas for a symbiotic lifestyle

Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran Bactrocera dorsalis gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria

How to: Diagnose inborn errors of intrinsic and innate immunity to viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections

Dual proteomics of Drosophila melanogaster hemolymph infected with the heritable endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii

The role of immune effectors in controlling Drosophila-microbes interactions

Rapid molecular evolution of Spiroplasma symbionts of Drosophila

Role of Nimrod receptors in the Drosophila melanogaster cellular immune response

Iron sequestration by transferrin 1 mediates nutritional immunity in Drosophila melanogaster

Inhibition of mitophagy drives macrophage activation and antibacterial defense during sepsis

cGAS regulation and activity during genotoxic stress

Transformation of the Drosophila Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies

Weevil pgrp-lb prevents endosymbiont TCT dissemination and chronic host systemic immune activation

Two Nimrod receptors, NimC1 and Eater, synergistically contribute to bacterial phagocytosis in Drosophila melanogaster

Gender medicine and oncology: report and consensus of an ESMO workshop

More Than Black or White: Melanization and Toll Share Regulatory Serine Proteases in Drosophila

The double-edged toxins : how Spiroplasma Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins affect Drosophila melanogaster life history traits

Structure-based immunogen design - leading the way to the new age of precision vaccines