Breast cancer awarenessBreast cancer awareness is an effort to raise awareness and reduce the stigma of breast cancer through education about screening, symptoms, and treatment. Supporters hope that greater knowledge will lead to earlier detection of breast cancer, which is associated with higher long-term survival rates, and that money raised for breast cancer will produce a reliable, permanent cure. Breast cancer advocacy and awareness efforts are a type of health advocacy. Breast cancer advocates raise funds and lobby for better care, more knowledge, and more patient empowerment.
Breast cancer classificationBreast cancer classification divides breast cancer into categories according to different schemes criteria and serving a different purpose. The major categories are the histopathological type, the grade of the tumor, the stage of the tumor, and the expression of proteins and genes. As knowledge of cancer cell biology develops these classifications are updated. The purpose of classification is to select the best treatment. The effectiveness of a specific treatment is demonstrated for a specific breast cancer (usually by randomized, controlled trials).
Breast biopsyA breast biopsy is usually done after a suspicious lesion is discovered on either mammography or ultrasound to get tissue for pathological diagnosis. Several methods for a breast biopsy now exist. The most appropriate method of biopsy for a patient depends upon a variety of factors, including the size, location, appearance and characteristics of the abnormality. The different types of breast biopsies include fine-needle aspiration (FNA), vacuum-assisted biopsy, core needle biopsy, and surgical excision biopsy.
Réaction en chaîne par polymérasevignette|Diagramme des quatre premiers cycles de la PCR. Lamplification en chaîne par polymérase (ACP) ou réaction de polymérisation en chaîne, généralement siglée PCR (de l'polymerase chain reaction) est une méthode de biologie moléculaire permettant d'obtenir rapidement, in vitro, un grand nombre de segments d'ADN identiques, à partir d'une séquence initiale.
Réplication circulaire de l'ADNLa réplication de type Rolling circle est un processus de duplication d’acide nucléiques ADN ou ARN donnant plusieurs copies de molécules circulaires d’ADN ou ARN. Ce type de réplication est utilisé pour la duplication de certains plasmides et génome de bactériophages, viroides possédant un génome ARN et quelques virus infectant des cellules eucaryotes. Le rolling circle intervient également dans la duplication de certains transposons (hélitrons et hélentrons).
