Superconducting quantum computingSuperconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state and the excited state, denoted respectively. Research in superconducting quantum computing is conducted by companies such as Google, IBM, IMEC, BBN Technologies, Rigetti, and Intel. Many recently developed QPUs (quantum processing units, or quantum chips) utilize superconducting architecture.
QubitEn informatique quantique, un qubit ou qu-bit (quantum + bit ; prononcé ), parfois écrit qbit, est un système quantique à deux niveaux, qui représente la plus petite unité de stockage d'information quantique. Ces deux niveaux, notés et selon le formalisme de Dirac, représentent chacun un état de base du qubit et en font donc l'analogue quantique du bit. Grâce à la propriété de superposition quantique, un qubit stocke une information qualitativement différente de celle d'un bit.
Informatique quantiqueL'informatique quantique est le sous-domaine de l'informatique qui traite des calculateurs quantiques et des associés. La notion s'oppose à celle d'informatique dite « classique » n'utilisant que des phénomènes de physique classique, notamment de l'électricité (exemple du transistor) ou de mécanique classique (exemple historique de la machine analytique). En effet, l'informatique quantique utilise également des phénomènes de la mécanique quantique, à savoir l'intrication quantique et la superposition.
Charge qubitIn quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction (or practically, superconducting tunnel junction) to a superconducting reservoir (see figure). The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction.
Flux qubitIn quantum computing, more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrupted by a number of Josephson junctions. These devices function as quantum bits. The flux qubit was first proposed by Terry P. Orlando et al. at MIT in 1999 and fabricated shortly thereafter. During fabrication, the Josephson junction parameters are engineered so that a persistent current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied.
Trapped ion quantum computerA trapped ion quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. Qubits are stored in stable electronic states of each ion, and quantum information can be transferred through the collective quantized motion of the ions in a shared trap (interacting through the Coulomb force).
Porte quantiqueEn informatique quantique, et plus précisément dans le modèle de de calcul, une porte quantique (ou porte logique quantique) est un circuit quantique élémentaire opérant sur un petit nombre de qubits. Les portes quantiques sont les briques de base des circuits quantiques, comme le sont les portes logiques classiques pour des circuits numériques classiques. Contrairement à de nombreuses portes logiques classiques, les portes logiques quantique sont « réversibles ».
Registre quantiqueDans le domaine de l'informatique quantique, un registre quantique est un registre composé de plusieurs qubits , il est l'équivalent quantique d'un registre classique. Un registre quantique de taille est un système quantique comprenant qubits. Il peut être représenté sous la forme d'un espace de Hilbert, , dans lequel les données stockées sont sous la forme: Tout d'abord, il y a une différence conceptuelle entre le registre quantique et classique. Un registre classique de taille se compose d'un tableau de bascules.
Phase qubitIn quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, the phase qubit is a superconducting device based on the superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) Josephson junction, designed to operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits implemented by superconducting devices.
Code quantiqueLes codes quantiques sont l'équivalent quantique des codes correcteurs. La théorie des codes quantiques est donc une branche de l'information quantique qui s'applique à protéger l'information quantique des effets de la décohérence. La correction d'erreur quantique est un élément essentiel du calcul tolérant aux fautes qui doit gérer non seulement les erreurs dans l'information stockée, mais aussi dans l'application des portes quantiques, la préparation de nouveaux états ainsi que dans les opérations de mesure.
Quantum operationIn quantum mechanics, a quantum operation (also known as quantum dynamical map or quantum process) is a mathematical formalism used to describe a broad class of transformations that a quantum mechanical system can undergo. This was first discussed as a general stochastic transformation for a density matrix by George Sudarshan. The quantum operation formalism describes not only unitary time evolution or symmetry transformations of isolated systems, but also the effects of measurement and transient interactions with an environment.
Information quantiqueLa théorie de l'information quantique, parfois abrégée simplement en information quantique, est un développement de la théorie de l'information de Claude Shannon exploitant les propriétés de la mécanique quantique, notamment le principe de superposition ou encore l'intrication. L'unité qui est utilisée pour quantifier l'information quantique est le qubit, par analogie avec le bit d'information classique.
Quantum channelIn quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An example of quantum information is the state of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet. More formally, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators. In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.
One-way quantum computerThe one-way or measurement-based quantum computer (MBQC) is a method of quantum computing that first prepares an entangled resource state, usually a cluster state or graph state, then performs single qubit measurements on it. It is "one-way" because the resource state is destroyed by the measurements. The outcome of each individual measurement is random, but they are related in such a way that the computation always succeeds.
Ancilla bitIn reversible computing, ancilla bits are extra bits being used to implement irreversible logical operations. In classical computation, any memory bit can be turned on or off at will, requiring no prior knowledge or extra complexity. However, this is not the case in quantum computing or classical reversible computing. In these models of computing, all operations on computer memory must be reversible, and toggling a bit on or off would lose the information about the initial value of that bit.
Quantum programmingQuantum programming is the process of designing or assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum circuits, using gates, switches, and operators to manipulate a quantum system for a desired outcome or results of a given experiment. Quantum circuit algorithms can be implemented on integrated circuits, conducted with instrumentation, or written in a programming language for use with a quantum computer or a quantum processor. With quantum processor based systems, quantum programming languages help express quantum algorithms using high-level constructs.
Quantum networkQuantum networks form an important element of quantum computing and quantum communication systems. Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information in the form of quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is a small quantum computer being able to perform quantum logic gates on a certain number of qubits. Quantum networks work in a similar way to classical networks. The main difference is that quantum networking, like quantum computing, is better at solving certain problems, such as modeling quantum systems.
Transformée de Fourier quantiqueEn informatique quantique, la transformée de Fourier quantique (TFQ) est une transformation linéaire sur des bits quantiques, et est l'analogie quantique de la transformée de Fourier discrète. La transformée de Fourier quantique est l'un des nombreux algorithmes quantiques, qui incluent notamment l'algorithme de Shor qui permet de factoriser et de calculer le logarithme discret, l'algorithme d'estimation de phase quantique qui estime les valeurs propres d'un opérateur unitaire et les algorithmes traitant du problème de sous-groupe caché .
Transmonvignette|Dispositif composé de quatre qubits transmon, de quatre bus quantiques et de quatre résonateurs de lecture fabriqués par IBM et présentés dans un article d'informatique quantique de 2017. En informatique quantique, un transmon est un type de supraconducteur qui a été conçu pour réduire la sensibilité au bruit de charge. Le transmon a été développé à l'université Yale en 2007. Son nom est une abréviation de transmission line shunted plasma oscillation qubit. Catégorie:Informatique quantique Catégori
W stateThe W state is an entangled quantum state of three qubits which in the bra-ket notation has the following shape and which is remarkable for representing a specific type of multipartite entanglement and for occurring in several applications in quantum information theory. Particles prepared in this state reproduce the properties of Bell's theorem, which states that no classical theory of local hidden variables can produce the predictions of quantum mechanics.
