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Mats Julius Stensrud

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Publications associées (44)

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How to detect and reduce potential sources of biases in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Mats Julius Stensrud

In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, public health scientists have produced a large and rapidly expanding body of literature that aims to answer critical questions, such as the proportion of the population in a geographic area that h ...

2021

Separating Algorithms From Questions and Causal Inference With Unmeasured Exposures: An Application to Birth Cohort Studies of Early Body Mass Index Rebound

Mats Julius Stensrud, Aaron Leor Sarvet

Observational studies reporting on adjusted associations between childhood body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) rebound and subsequent cardiometabolic outcomes have often not paid explicit attention to causal inference, including definition of ...

2021

Using Negative Control Populations to Assess Unmeasured Confounding and Direct Effects

Mats Julius Stensrud

Sometimes treatment effects are absent in a subgroup of the population. For example, penicillin has no effect on severe symptoms in individuals infected by resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and codeine has no effect on pain in individuals with certain polym ...

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins2024

Prognosis of cancer survivors: estimation based on differential equations

Mats Julius Stensrud, Pal Christie Ryalen

We present a method for estimating several prognosis parameters for cancer survivors. The method utilizes the fact that these parameters solve differential equations driven by cumulative hazards. By expressing the parameters as solutions to differential eq ...

2021

Quantification of Vaccine Waning as a Challenge Effect

Mats Julius Stensrud

Knowing whether vaccine protection wanes over time is important for health policy and drug development. However, quantifying waning effects is difficult. A simple contrast of vaccine efficacy at two different times compares different populations of individ ...

2024

Perspectives on "harm" in personalized medicine

Mats Julius Stensrud

Avoiding harm is an uncontroversial aim of personalized medicine and other epidemiologic initiatives. However, the precise mathematical translation of "harm"is disputable. Here, we use a formal causal language to study common, but distinct, definitions of ...

Oxford University Press (OUP)2025

Distinguishing Immunologic and Behavioral Effects of Vaccination

Mats Julius Stensrud

The interpretation of vaccine efficacy estimands is subtle, even in randomized trials designed to quantify the immunologic effects of vaccination. In this article, we introduce terminology to distinguish between different vaccine efficacy estimands and cla ...

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins2024

Causal inference with recurrent and competing events

Mats Julius Stensrud, Pal Christie Ryalen, Matias Janvin

Many research questions concern treatment effects on outcomes that can recur several times in the same individual. For example, medical researchers are interested in treatment effects on hospitalizations in heart failure patients and sports injuries in ath ...

SPRINGER2023

How hazard ratios can mislead and why it matters in practice

Mats Julius Stensrud, Elise Hélène Dumas

Hazard ratios are routinely reported as effect measures in clinical trials and observational studies. However, many methodological works have raised concerns about the interpretation of hazard ratios as causal effects. These concerns are often related to t ...

Springer Science and Business Media LLC2025

A positivity robust strategy to study effects of switching treatment

Mats Julius Stensrud

In studies of medical treatments, individuals often experience post-treatment events that predict their future outcomes. In this work, we study how to use initial observations of a recurrent event - a type of post-treatment event - to offer updated treatme ...

2025

Improved bounds and inference on optimal regimes

Mats Julius Stensrud, Aaron Leor Sarvet, Julien David Laurendeau

Point identification of causal effects requires strong assumptions that are unreasonable in many practical settings. However, bounds on these effects can often be derived under plausible assumptions. Even when these bounds are wide or cover null effects, t ...

Informa UK Limited2025

Rejoinder to "'Harm' in personalized medicine-an alternative perspective"

Mats Julius Stensrud

In our original article, we examine twin definitions of "harm" in personalized medicine: a first based on predictions of individuals' unmeasurable response types (counterfactual harm), and a second based solely on the observations of experiments (intervent ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2025

Immune-selection stability is a neglected property of the causal risk ratio

Mats Julius Stensrud

Risk ratios are one of the most commonly used effect measures in epidemiology. Yet their properties and transportability across different populations remain debated. In this article, we show that the causal risk ratio is stable to selection based on immune ...

Oxford University Press (OUP)2025

Separable effects for adherence

Mats Julius Stensrud

Comparing different medications is complicated when adherence to these medications differs. We can overcome the adherence issue by assessing effectiveness under sustained use, as in usual causal "per-protocol" estimands. However, when sustained use is chal ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2025

Explaining the Relationships Between Age, Endocrine Therapy Persistence, and Risk of Recurrence in Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Mats Julius Stensrud, Elise Hélène Dumas

Young age is associated with increased risk of recurrence in hormone receptor (HR)–positive early-stage breast cancer (eBC). Lack of adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) is a potential reason for the lower survival proportions observed in younger patients, ...

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)2025

Estimation of separable direct and indirect effects in continuous time

Mats Julius Stensrud

Many research questions involve time-to-event outcomes that can be prevented from occurring due to competing events. In these settings, we must be careful about the causal interpretation of classical statistical estimands. In particular, estimands on the h ...

2021

Conditional Separable Effects

Mats Julius Stensrud, Aaron Leor Sarvet

Researchers are often interested in treatment effects on outcomes that are only defined conditional on posttreatment events. For example, in a study of the effect of different cancer treatments on quality of life at end of follow-up, the quality of life of ...

2022

Translating questions to estimands in randomized clinical trials with intercurrent events

Mats Julius Stensrud

Intercurrent (post-treatment) events occur frequently in randomized trials, and investigators often express interest in treatment effects that suitably take account of these events. Contrasts that naively condition on intercurrent events do not have a stra ...

2022

Variant Specific Treatment Effects with Applications in Vaccine Studies

Mats Julius Stensrud, Gellért Géza Perényi

Pathogens usually exist in heterogeneous variants, like subtypes and strains. Quantifying treatment effects on the different variants is important for guiding prevention policies and vaccine development. Here, we ground analyses of variant-specific effects ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2025

Why use methods that require proportional hazards?

Mats Julius Stensrud

We recently questioned the utility of testing for proportional hazards in survival analysis. Here, we expand on why the proportional hazards assumption is both implausible and unnecessary in most medical studies, particularly in randomized trials. We concl ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2025