Publications de Bruno Lemaitre

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Iron is involved in numerous biological processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is therefore subject to a tug-of-war between host and microbes upon pathogenic infections. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the iron transporter Transferrin 1 ...

Sugars are important energy sources, but high sugar intake poses a metabolic challenge and leads to diseases. Drosophila melanogaster is a generalist fruit breeder that encounters high levels of dietary sugars in its natural habitat. Consequently, Drosophi ...

An efficient immune system must provide protection against a broad range of pathogens without causing excessive collateral tissue damage. While immune effectors have been well characterized, we know less about the resilience mechanisms protecting the host ...

To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use of physical barriers together with local and systemic immune responses. ...

Antimicrobial peptides are host-encoded immune effectors that combat pathogens and shape the microbiome in plants and animals. However, little is known about how the host antimicrobial peptide repertoire is adapted to its microbiome. Here, we characterized ...

Epithelial tissues facing the external environment are essential to combating microbial infection. In addition to providing a physical barrier, epithelial tissues mount chemical defenses to prevent invasion of internal tissues by pathogens. Here, we descri ...

Efferocytosis, the efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by phagocytes, is vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Here, we reveal the role of the secreted protein NimB1 in reducing apoptotic cell recognition and binding in the early stages of eff ...

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are key regulators of insect immune responses. In addition to recognition PGRPs, which activate the Toll and Imd pathways, the Drosophila genome encodes six catalytic PGRPs with the capacity to scavenge peptidogly ...

BackgroundInsects frequently live in close relationship with symbiotic bacteria that carry out beneficial functions for their host, like protection against parasites and viruses. However, in some cases, the mutualistic nature of such associations is put in ...

beta-Barrel pore-forming toxins (beta-PFT), a large family of bacterial toxins, are generally secreted as water-soluble monomers and can form oligomeric pores in membranes following proteolytic cleavage and interaction with cell surface receptors. Monalysi ...

Gram-negative bacteria represent a major group of pathogens that infect all eukaryotes from plants to mammals. Gram-negative microbe-associated molecular patterns include lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans, major immunostimulatory determinants across p ...

Metazoans tolerate commensal-gut microbiota by suppressing immune activation while maintaining the ability to launch rapid and balanced immune reactions to pathogenic bacteria. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the establishment of this thres ...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cassette has been implicated in stress and immunity in evolutionarily diverse species. In response to a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological stresses p38 kinases phosphorylate various su ...

Innate immune mechanisms are well conserved throughout evolution, and many theoretical concepts, molecular pathways and gene networks are applicable to invertebrate model organisms as much as vertebrate ones. Drosophila immunity research benefits from an e ...

The structure and the immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas entomophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, was characterized. The O-antigen portion was established and resulted to be buil ...

Peptidoglycan is an essential and specific component of the bacterial cell wall and therefore is an ideal recognition signature for the immune system. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are conserved from insects to mammals and able to bind PGN (no ...

Some symbiotic bacteria are capable of interfering with host reproduction in selfish ways. How such bacteria can manipulate host's sex-related mechanisms is of fundamental interest encompassing cell, developmental and evolutionary biology. Here, we uncover ...

All metazoan guts are subject to opposing pressures wherein the immune system must eliminate pathogens while tolerating the presence of symbiotic microbiota. The Imd pathway is an essential defense against invading pathogens in insect guts, but tolerance m ...

The Duox-reactive oxygen species (ROS) system and the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway play a major role in insect gut immunity. However, their interaction to accomplish an effective immune response is still unclear. Here, we show that Duox regulates the pe ...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effectors first studied for their role in host defence. Recent studies have implicated these peptides in the clearance of aberrant cells and in neurodegenerative syndromes. In Drosophila, many AMPs are produc ...

Bruno Lemaitre

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The iron transporter Transferrin 1 mediates homeostasis of the endosymbiotic relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and Spiroplasma poulsonii

Physiological Adaptations to Sugar Intake: New Paradigms from Drosophila melanogaster

A humoral stress response protects Drosophila tissues from antimicrobial peptides

The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster

Ecology-relevant bacteria drive the evolution of host antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila

A serpin that regulates immune melanization in the respiratory system of Drosophila

The secreted Nimrod protein NimB1 negatively regulates early steps of apoptotic cell phagocytosis in Drosophila

Negative Regulation by Amidase PGRPs Shapes the Drosophila Antibacterial Response and Protects the Fly from Innocuous Infection

Functional analysis of RIP toxins from the Drosophila endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii

X-ray and Cryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Monalysin Pore-forming Toxin Reveal Multimerization of the Pro-form

Sensing Gram-negative bacteria: a phylogenetic perspective

PIMS modulates immune tolerance by negatively regulating Drosophila innate immune signaling

The Drosophila MAPK p38c Regulates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Homeostasis in the Intestine

Methods to study Drosophila immunity

Determination of the structure of the O-antigen and the lipid A from the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila lipopolysaccharide along with its immunological properties

Drosophila immunity: analysis of PGRP-SB1 expression, enzymatic activity and function

Male-killing symbiont damages host's dosage-compensated sex chromosome to induce embryonic apoptosis

Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran Bactrocera dorsalis gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria

Bacterial-induced Duox-ROS regulates the Imd immune pathway in the gut by modulating the peritrophic matrix

Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila, but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis