Major scaleThe major scale (or Ionian mode) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). The simplest major scale to write is C major, the only major scale not requiring sharps or flats: The major scale has a central importance in Western music, particularly that of the common practice period and in popular music.
Minor scaleIn music theory, the minor scale is three scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending) – mirroring the major scale, with its harmonic and melodic forms In each of these scales, the first, third, and fifth scale degrees form a minor triad (rather than a major triad, as in a major scale). In some contexts, minor scale is used to refer to any heptatonic scale with this property (see Related modes below).
Échelle diatoniqueL'échelle diatonique, ou gamme diatonique, est une échelle musicale heptatonique (qui contient 7 degrés), composée de 5 tons et 2 demi-tons. Les deux demi-tons sont toujours séparés par 2 ou 3 tons. Cette échelle est à l'origine de la musique savante occidentale. Chaque degré porte un nom, l'ensemble se répétant de manière cyclique, soit du grave vers l'aigu : do, ré, mi, fa, sol, la, si et à nouveau do... En divisant tous les tons en demi-tons (chaque degré peut être « altéré » : abaissé ou élevé d'un demi-ton), on obtient une échelle chromatique.
Partition (musique)Une partition de musique est un document (en papier, en parchemin, ou en format électronique) qui porte la transcription d'une œuvre musicale. Cette transcription peut être faite avec plusieurs sortes de notations (notation neumatique, notation mesurée, notations plus modernes adaptées à la musique contemporaine, etc.) et sert à traduire les quatre caractéristiques du son musical : la hauteur ; la durée ; l'intensité ; le timbre.
Diatonic and chromaticDiatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. They are very often used as a pair, especially when applied to contrasting features of the common practice music of the period 1600–1900. These terms may mean different things in different contexts. Very often, diatonic refers to musical elements derived from the modes and transpositions of the "white note scale" C–D–E–F–G–A–B.
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