EnumerationAn enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection. The term is commonly used in mathematics and computer science to refer to a listing of all of the elements of a set. The precise requirements for an enumeration (for example, whether the set must be finite, or whether the list is allowed to contain repetitions) depend on the discipline of study and the context of a given problem. Some sets can be enumerated by means of a natural ordering (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
Python (langage)Python (prononcé ) est un langage de programmation interprété, multiparadigme et multiplateformes. Il favorise la programmation impérative structurée, fonctionnelle et orientée objet. Il est doté d'un typage dynamique fort, d'une gestion automatique de la mémoire par ramasse-miettes et d'un système de gestion d'exceptions ; il est ainsi similaire à Perl, Ruby, Scheme, Smalltalk et Tcl.
Liste en compréhensionEn programmation informatique, la syntaxe de certains langages de programmation permet de définir des listes en compréhension, c'est-à-dire des listes dont le contenu est défini par filtrage du contenu d'une autre liste selon un principe analogue à celui de la définition en compréhension de la théorie des ensembles. Cette construction syntaxique se distingue de la construction la plus courante dans les langages de programmation qui est de définir les listes par énumération de ses éléments.
Enumerative combinatoricsEnumerative combinatorics is an area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways that certain patterns can be formed. Two examples of this type of problem are counting combinations and counting permutations. More generally, given an infinite collection of finite sets Si indexed by the natural numbers, enumerative combinatorics seeks to describe a counting function which counts the number of objects in Sn for each n.
Reading comprehensionReading comprehension is the ability to process written text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. Reading comprehension relies on two abilities that are connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension. Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" dependent upon four language skills: phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
History of PythonPython (programming language) The programming language Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to ABC capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL).
Monty Pythonvignette|redresse=1.2|De gauche à droite, Michael Palin, Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones, Eric Idle et John Cleese sur la scène de l'O2Arena de Londres, en juillet 2014. Monty Python est le nom d'une troupe d'humoristes rendue célèbre initialement grâce à sa première création, la série télévisée Monty Python's Flying Circus dont la diffusion commença à la BBC le et qui se poursuivit durant 45 épisodes jusqu'au . La troupe était composée de six membres : Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Michael Palin, Terry Jones et Terry Gilliam.
Python syntax and semanticsThe syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java. However, there are some definite differences between the languages. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured, object-oriented programming, and functional programming, and boasts a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.
Recursively enumerable languageIn mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language. Recursively enumerable languages are known as type-0 languages in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages.
Récursivement énumérableEn théorie de la calculabilité, un ensemble d'entiers naturels est récursivement énumérable ou semi-décidable si : il existe un algorithme qui prend un entier naturel en entrée, et qui s'arrête exactement sur les entiers de ; ou, de manière équivalente : il existe un procédé algorithmique qui, au cours de son fonctionnement, énumère en sortie tous les entiers de et seulement ceux-ci (il est possible, et même nécessaire quand est infini, qu'il ne s'arrête pas).
Set-builder notationIn set theory and its applications to logic, mathematics, and computer science, set-builder notation is a mathematical notation for describing a set by enumerating its elements, or stating the properties that its members must satisfy. Defining sets by properties is also known as set comprehension, set abstraction or as defining a set's intension. Set (mathematics)#Roster notation A set can be described directly by enumerating all of its elements between curly brackets, as in the following two examples: is the set containing the four numbers 3, 7, 15, and 31, and nothing else.
Reading for special needsReading for special needs has become an area of interest as the understanding of reading has improved. Teaching children with special needs how to read was not historically pursued due to perspectives of a Reading Readiness model. This model assumes that a reader must learn to read in a hierarchical manner such that one skill must be mastered before learning the next skill (e.g., a child might be expected to learn the names of the letters in the alphabet in the correct order before being taught how to read his or her name).
Paradoxe de RussellLe paradoxe de Russell, ou antinomie de Russell, est un paradoxe très simple de la théorie des ensembles (Russell lui-même parle de théorie des classes, en un sens équivalent), qui a joué un rôle important dans la formalisation de celle-ci. Il fut découvert par Bertrand Russell vers 1901 et publié en 1903. Il était en fait déjà connu à Göttingen, où il avait été découvert indépendamment par Ernst Zermelo, à la même époque, mais ce dernier ne l'a pas publié.
