Code binairevignette| Le mot "Wikipedia" représenté en code binaire ASCII , composé de 9 octets (72 bits). Un code binaire représente un texte, des instructions de processeur ou toute autre donnée utilisant un système à deux symboles. Le système à deux symboles utilise souvent des "0" et "1" dans le système de numération binaire. Le code binaire assigne une combinaison de chiffres binaires, également appelé bits, à chaque caractère, instruction, etc.
Lexical definitionThe lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, is the definition closely matching the meaning of the term in common usage. As its other name implies, this is the sort of definition one is likely to find in the dictionary. A lexical definition is usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey information to the widest audience.
Circular definitionA circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term(s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic, lexicographic and linguistic. Circular definitions are related to Circular reasoning in that they both involve a self-referential approach. Circular definitions may be unhelpful if the audience must either already know the meaning of the key term, or if the term to be defined is used in the definition itself.
Theoretical definitionA theoretical definition defines a term in an academic discipline, functioning as a proposal to see a phenomenon in a certain way. A theoretical definition is a proposed way of thinking about potentially related events. Theoretical definitions contain built-in theories; they cannot be simply reduced to describing a set of observations. The definition may contain implicit inductions and deductive consequences that are part of the theory. A theoretical definition of a term can change, over time, based on the methods in the field that created it.
Relation binaireEn mathématiques, une relation binaire entre deux ensembles E et F (ou simplement relation entre E et F) est définie par un sous-ensemble du produit cartésien E × F, soit une collection de couples dont la première composante est dans E et la seconde dans F. Cette collection est désignée par le graphe de la relation. Les composantes d'un couple appartenant au graphe d'une relation R sont dits en relation par R. Une relation binaire est parfois appelée correspondance entre les deux ensembles.
