Contrat en droit suisseUn contrat en droit suisse est défini par l'article 1, alinéa premier du Code des obligations : « Le contrat est parfait lorsque les parties ont, réciproquement et d'une manière concordante, manifesté leur volonté ». Comme dans de nombreux pays de tradition juridique romano-civiliste, le contrat en droit suisse est l'échange d'au moins deux manifestations de volonté, appelées l'offre et l'acceptation, par lesquelles les parties décident de produire un effet juridique. Le contrat est donc un acte juridique bilatéral ou multilatéral.
Contrat en droit anglaisEn droit anglais, le contrat est une promesse ou un accord réalisé sur un ensemble de promesses. La rupture d'un contrat est reconnue par le droit, et des remèdes juridiques peuvent y être apportés. Le contrat consensuel (simple contract) est dominé par le principe de la consideration qui n'admet pas de contrat à titre gratuit. L'onérosité est ainsi un élément essentiel à la formation du contrat, pour laquelle il faut une contrepartie à une promesse, qu'il s'agisse d'un paiement ou d'une prestation réciproque.
Quasi-contrat en droit civil françaisSelon l'article du code civil français : les quasi-contrats sont des faits purement volontaires dont il résulte un engagement de celui qui en profite sans y avoir droit, et parfois un engagement de leur auteur envers autrui. Le quasi-contrat est donc un fait licite et volontaire, qui fait naître, du seul fait de la loi, certaines obligations juridiques particulières. Il correspond à la situation dans laquelle, en dehors de tout contrat, une obligation juridique semblable à une obligation contractuelle naît.
Breach of contractBreach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. Breach occurs when a party to a contract fails to fulfill its obligation(s), whether partially or wholly, as described in the contract, or communicates an intent to fail the obligation or otherwise appears not to be able to perform its obligation under the contract.
Efficient breachIn legal theory, particularly in law and economics, efficient breach is a voluntary breach of contract and payment of damages by a party who concludes that they would incur greater economic loss by performing under the contract. The theory of efficient breach seeks to explain the common law's preference for expectation damages for breach of contract, as distinguished from specific performance, reliance damages, or punitive damages.
Legal remedyA legal remedy, also referred to as judicial relief or a judicial remedy, is the means with which a court of law, usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction, enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes another court order to impose its will in order to compensate for the harm of a wrongful act inflicted upon an individual. In common law jurisdictions and mixed civil-common law jurisdictions, the law of remedies distinguishes between a legal remedy (e.g. a specific amount of monetary damages) and an equitable remedy (e.
Fundamental breachFundamental breach of contract, is a controversial concept within the common law of contract. The doctrine was, in particular, nurtured by Lord Denning, Master of the Rolls from 1962 to 1982, but it did not find favour with the House of Lords. Whereas breach of condition is a serious breach that "denies the plaintiff the main benefit of the contract", fundamental breach was supposed to be even worse, with the result that any exclusion clause limiting the defendant's liability would automatically become void and ineffective.
Equitable remedyEquitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VIII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law. Equitable remedies were granted by the Court of Chancery in England, and remain available today in most common law jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions, legal and equitable remedies have been merged and a single court can issue either, or both, remedies.
Contract of saleIn contract law, a contract of sale, sales contract, sales order, or contract for sale is a legal contract for the purchase of assets (goods or property) by a buyer (or purchaser) from a seller (or vendor) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent). An obvious ancient practice of exchange, in many common law jurisdictions, it is now governed by statutory law. See commercial law. Contracts of sale involving goods are governed by Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code in most jurisdictions in the United States and Canada.
