QubitEn informatique quantique, un qubit ou qu-bit (quantum + bit ; prononcé ), parfois écrit qbit, est un système quantique à deux niveaux, qui représente la plus petite unité de stockage d'information quantique. Ces deux niveaux, notés et selon le formalisme de Dirac, représentent chacun un état de base du qubit et en font donc l'analogue quantique du bit. Grâce à la propriété de superposition quantique, un qubit stocke une information qualitativement différente de celle d'un bit.
Flux qubitIn quantum computing, more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrupted by a number of Josephson junctions. These devices function as quantum bits. The flux qubit was first proposed by Terry P. Orlando et al. at MIT in 1999 and fabricated shortly thereafter. During fabrication, the Josephson junction parameters are engineered so that a persistent current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied.
Superconducting quantum computingSuperconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state and the excited state, denoted respectively. Research in superconducting quantum computing is conducted by companies such as Google, IBM, IMEC, BBN Technologies, Rigetti, and Intel. Many recently developed QPUs (quantum processing units, or quantum chips) utilize superconducting architecture.
Phase qubitIn quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, the phase qubit is a superconducting device based on the superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) Josephson junction, designed to operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits implemented by superconducting devices.
Charge qubitIn quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction (or practically, superconducting tunnel junction) to a superconducting reservoir (see figure). The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction.
Transmonvignette|Dispositif composé de quatre qubits transmon, de quatre bus quantiques et de quatre résonateurs de lecture fabriqués par IBM et présentés dans un article d'informatique quantique de 2017. En informatique quantique, un transmon est un type de supraconducteur qui a été conçu pour réduire la sensibilité au bruit de charge. Le transmon a été développé à l'université Yale en 2007. Son nom est une abréviation de transmission line shunted plasma oscillation qubit. Catégorie:Informatique quantique Catégori
Standard cellIn semiconductor design, standard-cell methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. Standard-cell methodology is an example of design abstraction, whereby a low-level very-large-scale integration (VLSI) layout is encapsulated into an abstract logic representation (such as a NAND gate). Cell-based methodology – the general class to which standard cells belong – makes it possible for one designer to focus on the high-level (logical function) aspect of digital design, while another designer focuses on the implementation (physical) aspect.
Standards-based assessmentIn an educational setting, standards-based assessment is assessment that relies on the evaluation of student understanding with respect to agreed-upon standards, also known as "outcomes". The standards set the criteria for the successful demonstration of the understanding of a concept or skill. In the standards-based paradigm, students have the freedom to demonstrate understanding in diverse ways, including (but not limited to) selected response (e.g. multiple choice tests), physical constructions, written responses, and performances.
Étalon-orL’étalon-or (en anglais : Gold Standard) est un système monétaire dans lequel l'unité de compte ou étalon monétaire correspond à un poids fixe d'or. Ce système se caractérise par le fait que les devises voient leur valeur être définie par un poids d'or. Aussi, elles sont toutes convertibles à vue de la monnaie fiduciaire en fonction de leur équivalent en or. Ce système repose sur la libre circulation de l'or. Les taux de change des différentes monnaies sont déterminées par la comparaison de leur poids d'or respectif.
Pierre AndreMohd Pierre Andre Nazarul Andre (born 17 March 1985) is a Malaysian actor, director and writer. His role as Reza in the 2005 film Gol & Gincu was his first major role. Since then, he has since appeared in other films and TV series, as well written a screenplay, and directed his first movie. After his last directed movie, Kecoh Primadona Kena Hantu was released in 2016, Andre went on indefinite hiatus from showbiz. He is the eldest child of the Malaysian actress Khatijah Tan and her husband, Nazarul Andre (born Philip Harry-Andre), who is of French descent.
Excès et déficit de baseEn physiologie, l'excès de base et le déficit de base désignent respectivement un excès ou un déficit de la quantité de base présente dans le sang. La valeur est généralement indiquée comme une concentration en unités de mÉq/L (mmol/L), avec un nombre positif indiquant un excès de base et un nombre négatif un déficit. Une plage de référence typique pour l'excès de base est de à . La comparaison de l'excès de base avec la plage de référence aide à déterminer si une perturbation acide/base est causée par un problème respiratoire, métabolique ou mixte métabolique/respiratoire.
Capacitive couplingCapacitive coupling is the transfer of energy within an electrical network or between distant networks by means of displacement current between circuit(s) nodes, induced by the electric field. This coupling can have an intentional or accidental effect. In its simplest implementation, capacitive coupling is achieved by placing a capacitor between two nodes. Where analysis of many points in a circuit is carried out, the capacitance at each point and between points can be described in a matrix form.
