Object co-segmentationIn computer vision, object co-segmentation is a special case of , which is defined as jointly segmenting semantically similar objects in multiple images or video frames. It is often challenging to extract segmentation masks of a target/object from a noisy collection of images or video frames, which involves object discovery coupled with . A noisy collection implies that the object/target is present sporadically in a set of images or the object/target disappears intermittently throughout the video of interest.
CompetitionCompetition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including recognition. Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources.
Cible (marketing)A target market, also known as serviceable obtainable market (SOM), is a group of customers within a business's serviceable available market at which a business aims its marketing efforts and resources. A target market is a subset of the total market for a product or service. The target market typically consists of consumers who exhibit similar characteristics (such as age, location, income or lifestyle) and are considered most likely to buy a business's market offerings or are likely to be the most profitable segments for the business to service by OCHOM Once the target market(s) have been identified, the business will normally tailor the marketing mix (4 Ps) with the needs and expectations of the target in mind.
Intelligence économiquethumb|upright=1.9|Diagramme sur le système d'intelligence compétitive et technologique.L’intelligence économique est l'ensemble des activités coordonnées de collecte, de traitement et de diffusion de l'information utile aux acteurs économiques, en vue de son exploitation. On peut y ajouter les actions d'influence et de notoriété ainsi que celles liées à la protection de l'information. Elle se distingue de l’espionnage économique et/ou industriel car elle se pratique ouvertement et utilise uniquement des informations blanches ou grises obtenues par des moyens légaux.
Concurrencethumb|200px|Deux enseignes de restauration rapide concurrentes côte à côte à Paris. La concurrence est la rivalité entre plusieurs agents économiques pour acquérir des parts de marché sur un même marché, en vendant des biens identiques ou similaires. La concurrence est ainsi une compétition entre des producteurs, d'ordinaire des entreprises, pour capter la demande émanant des consommateurs.
Target audienceA target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message catered specifically to said intended audience. In marketing and advertising, it is a particular group of consumer within the predetermined target market, identified as the targets or recipients for a particular advertisement or message. Businesses that have a wide target market will focus on a specific target audience for certain messages to send, such as The Body Shops Mother's Day advertisements, which were aimed at the children and spouses of women, rather than the whole market which would have included the women themselves.
Pratique anticoncurrentiellevignette|Caricature de J.P Morgan faisant référence au monopole financier. Les pratiques anticoncurrentielles sont les atteintes à l'intérêt général de la concurrence qui ont un impact sur le marché pertinent concerné. Elles sont interdites par le droit de la concurrence. Les mécanismes de concurrence peuvent être affectés par des comportements anticoncurrentiels (ententes illicites, abus de position dominante ou de dépendance économique ou pratiques des prix abusivement bas ou prédateurs) ou par des structures anticoncurrentielles (concentrations).
Competitor analysisCompetitive analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Profiling combines all of the relevant sources of competitor analysis into one framework in the support of efficient and effective strategy formulation, implementation, monitoring and adjustment. Competitive analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy.
Planification stratégiqueLa planification stratégique est le processus de développement de stratégies afin d'atteindre un objectif fixé. Pour Peter Drucker, la planification stratégique (strategic planning) est le processus continu de réalisation des décisions entrepreneuriales (comportant une prise de risque) et en fonction de la plus grande connaissance de leur évolution future, l'organisation systématique des efforts nécessaires pour mettre en place ces décisions et mesurer le résultat de ces décisions par rapport aux prévisions grâce à un retour d'expérience organisé et systématique.
