Superconducting quantum computingSuperconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state and the excited state, denoted respectively. Research in superconducting quantum computing is conducted by companies such as Google, IBM, IMEC, BBN Technologies, Rigetti, and Intel. Many recently developed QPUs (quantum processing units, or quantum chips) utilize superconducting architecture.
Transmonvignette|Dispositif composé de quatre qubits transmon, de quatre bus quantiques et de quatre résonateurs de lecture fabriqués par IBM et présentés dans un article d'informatique quantique de 2017. En informatique quantique, un transmon est un type de supraconducteur qui a été conçu pour réduire la sensibilité au bruit de charge. Le transmon a été développé à l'université Yale en 2007. Son nom est une abréviation de transmission line shunted plasma oscillation qubit. Catégorie:Informatique quantique Catégori
Flux qubitIn quantum computing, more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrupted by a number of Josephson junctions. These devices function as quantum bits. The flux qubit was first proposed by Terry P. Orlando et al. at MIT in 1999 and fabricated shortly thereafter. During fabrication, the Josephson junction parameters are engineered so that a persistent current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied.
Charge qubitIn quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction (or practically, superconducting tunnel junction) to a superconducting reservoir (see figure). The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction.
Amplificateur pour guitare électriquethumb|Amplificateur Fender au format « stack » Un amplificateur pour guitare est un amplificateur audio, spécialement conçu pour la guitare électrique, ou la guitare basse. Le terme abrégé « ampli » désigne communément le couple constitué par l'amplificateur électronique et le haut-parleur. La partie électronique et le haut-parleur peuvent se présenter en deux éléments distincts, ou être réunis dans un même meuble, construit le plus souvent en plaques de bois, recouvert d'un revêtement en vinyle.
Phase qubitIn quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, the phase qubit is a superconducting device based on the superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) Josephson junction, designed to operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits implemented by superconducting devices.
Instrument amplifierAn instrument amplifier is an electronic device that converts the often barely audible or purely electronic signal of a musical instrument into a larger electronic signal to feed to a loudspeaker. An instrument amplifier is used with musical instruments such as an electric guitar, an electric bass, electric organ, synthesizers and drum machine to convert the signal from the pickup (with guitars and other string instruments and some keyboards) or other sound source (e.
Bass amplifierA bass amplifier (also abbreviated to bass amp) is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience. Bass amps typically consist of a preamplifier, tone controls, a power amplifier and one or more loudspeakers ("drivers") in a cabinet. While bass amps share many features with the guitar amplifiers used for electric guitar, they are distinct from other types of amplification systems, due to the particular challenges associated with low-frequency sound reproduction.
Equalization (audio)Equalization, or simply EQ, in sound recording and reproduction is the process of adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal. The circuit or equipment used to achieve this is called an equalizer. Most hi-fi equipment uses relatively simple filters to make bass and treble adjustments. Graphic and parametric equalizers have much more flexibility in tailoring the frequency content of an audio signal.
Amplificateur électroniquethumb|Un amplificateur audio à tubes. Un amplificateur électronique (ou amplificateur, ou ampli) est un système électronique augmentant la puissance d’un signal électrique. L’énergie nécessaire à l’amplification est tirée de l’alimentation électrique du système. Un amplificateur parfait ne déforme pas le signal d’entrée : sa sortie est une réplique exacte de l’entrée avec une amplitude majorée ou une impédance minorée. C'est donc un quadripôle actif à base d'un ou plusieurs composants actifs, le plus souvent des transistors.
