Productivity-improving technologiesThe productivity-improving technologies are the technological innovations that have historically increased productivity. Productivity is often measured as the ratio of (aggregate) output to (aggregate) input in the production of goods and services. Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services. Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.
International standardAn international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Trade blocA trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states. Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the USMCA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union). Depending on the level of economic integration, trade blocs can be classified as preferential trading areas, free-trade areas, customs unions, common markets, or economic and monetary unions.
Mechanical, electrical, and plumbingMechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) refers to the installation of services which provide a comfortable space for the building occupants. In residential and commercial buildings, these elements are often designed by a specialized MEP engineering firms. The part of Mechanical in the overall MEP system is almost 70% of the total work. MEP's design is important for planning, decision-making, accurate documentation, performance- and cost-estimation, construction, and operating/maintaining the resulting facilities.
Trade agreementA trade agreement (also known as trade pact) is a wide-ranging taxes, tariff and trade treaty that often includes investment guarantees. It exists when two or more countries agree on terms that help them trade with each other. The most common trade agreements are of the preferential and free trade types, which are concluded in order to reduce (or eliminate) tariffs, quotas and other trade restrictions on items traded between the signatories.
Calculatrice mécaniquethumb|Exemple de calculatrice mécanique : la Divisumma 24 d'Olivetti, datant de 1964. Le capot est retiré afin de faire ressortir le mécanisme de la machine. Les moteurs électriques sont à l’arrière Une calculatrice mécanique, appelée selon l'époque machine à calculer ou machine arithmétique, est une machine conçue pour simplifier et fiabiliser des opérations de calculs, et dont le fonctionnement est principalement mécanique. Le nom machine arithmétique fut choisi par Blaise Pascal, et donc utilisé à partir de 1642 et pendant tout le .
Mechanical resonanceMechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to respond at greater amplitude when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration (its resonance frequency or resonant frequency) closer than it does other frequencies. It may cause violent swaying motions and potentially catastrophic failure in improperly constructed structures including bridges, buildings and airplanes. This is a phenomenon known as resonance disaster.
Forme normale (bases de données relationnelles)Dans une base de données relationnelle, une forme normale désigne un type de relation particulier entre les entités. La normalisation consiste à restructurer une base de données pour respecter certaines formes normales, afin d'éviter la redondance des données (des données apparaissent plusieurs fois) et d'assurer l'intégrité des données. Le but essentiel de la normalisation est d’éviter les anomalies transactionnelles pouvant découler d’une mauvaise modélisation des données et ainsi éviter un certain nombre de problèmes potentiels tels que les anomalies de lecture, les anomalies d’écriture, la redondance des données et la contre-performance.
Standard Internetalt=TCP-IP, l'un des premiers Standard d'Internet|vignette|TCP-IP, l'un des premiers Standard d'Internet En informatique, un standard Internet est une spécification technique normalisée par l'IETF et applicable au réseau Internet. Un standard Internet est élaboré dans une démarche collaborative à partir d'un document appelé RFC (ébauche Internet) (de l'anglais « Request for comments » ).
Normalization (statistics)In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the intention is to bring the entire probability distributions of adjusted values into alignment. In the case of normalization of scores in educational assessment, there may be an intention to align distributions to a normal distribution.
Alternate historyAlternate history (also alternative history, allohistory, althist, or AH) is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which one or more historical events have occurred but are resolved differently than in actual history. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alternate history stories propose What if? scenarios about crucial events in human history, and present outcomes very different from the historical record. Some alternate histories are considered a subgenre of literary fiction, science fiction, or historical fiction.
Anamnèse (médecine)L’anamnèse (substantif féminin, du grec . aná-: « de bas en haut » -mnêsis, « mémoire » c'est-à-dire « faire remonter les souvenirs ») est le récit des antécédents d'un malade. L'anamnèse retrace les antécédents médicaux et l'historique de la plainte, la douleur actuelle du patient (c'est-à-dire l'histoire de la maladie - terme qui n'est pas synonyme d'anamnèse, mais plutôt de remémoration), ainsi que les résultats des différentes explorations déjà faites et les traitements entrepris.
