Moteur piézoélectriqueA piezoelectric motor or piezo motor is a type of electric motor based on the change in shape of a piezoelectric material when an electric field is applied, as a consequence of the converse piezoelectric effect. An electrical circuit makes acoustic or ultrasonic vibrations in the piezoelectric material, most often lead zirconate titanate and occasionally lithium niobate or other single-crystal materials, which can produce linear or rotary motion depending on their mechanism.
Fluide hydrauliqueUn fluide hydraulique (ou huile hydraulique) est un . C'est une huile minérale incompressible capable de transmettre rapidement l'énergie de la pompe aux récepteurs. Cette propriété en fait un vecteur de force : il s'agit donc d'un fluide fonctionnel. De plus, parce que c'est un fluide visqueux, le fluide hydraulique assure la lubrification des composants métalliques (pompe hydraulique, distributeurs, vérins).
Robotvignette|Atlas (2013), robot androïde de Boston Dynamics vignette|Bras manipulateurs dans un laboratoire (2009) vignette|NAO (2006), robot humanoïde éducatif d'Aldebaran Robotics vignette|DER1 (2005), un actroïde d'accueil vignette|Roomba (2002), un robot ménager Un robot est un dispositif mécatronique (alliant mécanique, électronique et informatique) conçu pour accomplir automatiquement des tâches imitant ou reproduisant, dans un domaine précis, des actions humaines.
Motor controllerA motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical faults. Motor controllers may use electromechanical switching, or may use power electronics devices to regulate the speed and direction of a motor.
Traction motorA traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains. Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyors, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel-electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
Hydraulic brakeA hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically containing glycol ethers or diethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling mechanism to the braking mechanism. During 1904, Frederick George Heath (Heath Hydraulic Brake Co., Ltd.), Redditch, England devised and fitted a hydraulic (water/glycerine) brake system to a cycle using a handlebar lever and piston. He obtained patent GB190403651A for “Improvements in hydraulic actuated brakes for cycles and motors”, as well as subsequently for improved flexible rubber hydraulic pipes.
Reluctance motorA reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. The rotor does not have any windings. It generates torque through magnetic reluctance. Reluctance motor subtypes include synchronous, variable, switched and variable stepping. Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, making them attractive for many applications. Disadvantages include high torque ripple (the difference between maximum and minimum torque during one revolution) when operated at low speed, and noise due to torque ripple.
Électromécaniquethumb|upright|Relais Electromécanique|alt=Relais électromécanique L'électromécanique, est l'association des techniques de l'électricité et de la mécanique. Au début des applications de l'électricité, celle-ci n'était bien souvent qu'une source d'énergie au service de la mécanique. Au début du , c'est l'électricité et l'électronique qui ont bien souvent besoin d'un support mécanique ou microtechniques afin de pouvoir fournir un service ou assurer une fonction utilisable.
AC motorAn AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical windings.
Énergie pneumatiqueL'énergie pneumatique est l'énergie emmagasinée dans un gaz sous forme mécanique du fait qu'il est comprimé. Elle est exploitée dans un système pneumatique. Dans un système pneumatique, le gaz comprimé est utilisé comme moyen de transport et de stockage d’énergie. De production facile, le système pneumatique présente un certain nombre d’avantages. Comme un système hydraulique, un système pneumatique est fondé sur une différence de pressions entre deux zones, qui crée une force, puis un mouvement.
Servo (radio control)Servos (also RC servos) are small, cheap, mass-produced servomotors or other actuators used for radio control and small-scale robotics. Most servos are rotary actuators although other types are available. Linear actuators are sometimes used, although it is more common to use a rotary actuator with a bellcrank and pushrod. Some types, originally used as sail winches for model yachting, can rotate continuously. A typical servo consists of a small electric motor driving a train of reduction gears.
Robot kinematicsIn robotics, robot kinematics applies geometry to the study of the movement of multi-degree of freedom kinematic chains that form the structure of robotic systems. The emphasis on geometry means that the links of the robot are modeled as rigid bodies and its joints are assumed to provide pure rotation or translation. Robot kinematics studies the relationship between the dimensions and connectivity of kinematic chains and the position, velocity and acceleration of each of the links in the robotic system, in order to plan and control movement and to compute actuator forces and torques.
