Variété de drapeaux généraliséeEn mathématiques, une variété de drapeaux généralisée ou tordue est un espace homogène d'un groupe (algébrique ou de Lie) qui généralise les espaces projectifs, les grassmanniennes, les quadriques projectives et l'espace de tous les drapeaux de signature donnée d'un espace vectoriel. La plupart des espaces homogènes de points ou de figures de la géométrie classique sont des variétés de drapeaux généralisées ou des espaces symétriques ou des variétés symétriques (analogues en géométrie algébrique des espaces symétriques), ou leur sont liés.
Module projectifEn mathématiques, un module projectif est un module P (à gauche par exemple) sur un anneau A tel que pour tout morphisme surjectif f : N → M entre deux A-modules (à gauche) et pour tout morphisme g : P → M, il existe un morphisme h : P → N tel que g = fh, c'est-à-dire tel que le diagramme suivant commute : center Autrement dit : P est projectif si pour tout module N, tout morphisme de P vers un quotient de N se factorise par N.
Algebraic geometry and analytic geometryIn mathematics, algebraic geometry and analytic geometry are two closely related subjects. While algebraic geometry studies algebraic varieties, analytic geometry deals with complex manifolds and the more general analytic spaces defined locally by the vanishing of analytic functions of several complex variables. The deep relation between these subjects has numerous applications in which algebraic techniques are applied to analytic spaces and analytic techniques to algebraic varieties.
Fibré normalEn géométrie différentielle, le fibré normal d’une sous-variété différentielle est un fibré vectoriel orthogonal au fibré tangent de la sous-variété dans celui de la variété ambiante. La définition s’étend au cas d’une immersion d’une variété différentielle dans une autre. Elle s’étend aussi plus généralement en topologie différentielle comme un fibré supplémentaire au fibré tangent de la sous-variété.
Variété rationnelleEn géométrie algébrique, une variété rationnelle est une variété algébrique (intègre) V sur un corps K qui est birationnelle à un espace projectif sur K, c'est-à-dire qu'un certain ouvert dense de V est isomorphe à un ouvert d'un espace projectif. De façon équivalente, cela signifie que son corps de fonctions est isomorphe au corps des fractions rationnelles à d indéterminées K(U, ... , U), l'entier d étant alors égal à la dimension de la variété. Soit V une variété algébrique affine de dimension d définie par un idéal premier ⟨f, .
Géométrie complexeIn mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis.
Minimal model programIn algebraic geometry, the minimal model program is part of the birational classification of algebraic varieties. Its goal is to construct a birational model of any complex projective variety which is as simple as possible. The subject has its origins in the classical birational geometry of surfaces studied by the Italian school, and is currently an active research area within algebraic geometry. The basic idea of the theory is to simplify the birational classification of varieties by finding, in each birational equivalence class, a variety which is "as simple as possible".
Coherent sheafIn mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information. Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an , and so they are closed under operations such as taking , , and cokernels.
Proper morphismIn algebraic geometry, a proper morphism between schemes is an analog of a proper map between complex analytic spaces. Some authors call a proper variety over a field k a complete variety. For example, every projective variety over a field k is proper over k. A scheme X of finite type over the complex numbers (for example, a variety) is proper over C if and only if the space X(C) of complex points with the classical (Euclidean) topology is compact and Hausdorff. A closed immersion is proper.
Canonical ringIn mathematics, the pluricanonical ring of an algebraic variety V (which is nonsingular), or of a complex manifold, is the graded ring of sections of powers of the canonical bundle K. Its nth graded component (for ) is: that is, the space of sections of the n-th tensor product Kn of the canonical bundle K. The 0th graded component is sections of the trivial bundle, and is one-dimensional as V is projective. The projective variety defined by this graded ring is called the canonical model of V, and the dimension of the canonical model is called the Kodaira dimension of V.
Dimension of an algebraic varietyIn mathematics and specifically in algebraic geometry, the dimension of an algebraic variety may be defined in various equivalent ways. Some of these definitions are of geometric nature, while some other are purely algebraic and rely on commutative algebra. Some are restricted to algebraic varieties while others apply also to any algebraic set. Some are intrinsic, as independent of any embedding of the variety into an affine or projective space, while other are related to such an embedding.
Canonical bundleIn mathematics, the canonical bundle of a non-singular algebraic variety of dimension over a field is the line bundle , which is the nth exterior power of the cotangent bundle on . Over the complex numbers, it is the determinant bundle of the holomorphic cotangent bundle . Equivalently, it is the line bundle of holomorphic n-forms on . This is the dualising object for Serre duality on . It may equally well be considered as an invertible sheaf.
