The syntax of Java is the set of rules defining how a Java program is written and interpreted. The syntax is mostly derived from C and C++. Unlike in C++, in Java there are no global functions or variables, but there are data members which are also regarded as global variables. All code belongs to classes and all values are objects. The only exception is the primitive types, which are not represented by a class instance for performance reasons (though can be automatically converted to objects and vice versa via autoboxing).
L’évaluation paresseuse (), appelée aussi appel par nécessité ou évaluation retardée est une technique d'implémentation des programmes récursifs pour laquelle l'évaluation d'un paramètre de fonction ne se fait pas avant que les résultats de cette évaluation ne soient réellement nécessaires. Ces résultats, une fois calculés, sont préservés pour des réutilisations ultérieures. Dans un langage comme Haskell, l'évaluation est paresseuse par défaut.
In mathematical logic, a Boolean-valued model is a generalization of the ordinary Tarskian notion of structure from model theory. In a Boolean-valued model, the truth values of propositions are not limited to "true" and "false", but instead take values in some fixed complete Boolean algebra. Boolean-valued models were introduced by Dana Scott, Robert M. Solovay, and Petr Vopěnka in the 1960s in order to help understand Paul Cohen's method of forcing. They are also related to Heyting algebra semantics in intuitionistic logic.