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Séance de cours

Comment surmonter les contradictions implicites

Concepts associés (6)

Implicit stereotype

An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. Individuals' perceptions and behaviors can be influenced by the implicit stereotypes they hold, even if they are sometimes unaware they hold such stereotypes.

Stéréotype

vignette|upright=0.8|Stéréotype du en BD dans la continuité des méchants de films muets. vignette|upright=0.8|Dessins illustrant l'« Indigenous races of the earth » (1857) de Josiah C. Nott et George Gliddon. vignette|upright=0.8|L'« Homme au couteau entre les dents » est un fameux stéréotype d'Européen de l'Est barbare, d'abord bolchevik, ensuite nationaliste et antisémite, mais toujours violent et forcément indigne de partager les valeurs de l'Europe occidentale. vignette|upright=0.8|Stéréotype du savant fou.

Test d'association implicite

En psychologie sociale, le test d'association implicite ou TAI (ou implicit-association test abrégé IAT) est une méthode permettant d'étudier les associations d'idées automatiques, souvent inconscientes et présentes dans la mémoire implicites. Introduite en 1998 par , elle est notamment utilisée pour mesurer les stéréotypes racistes ou sexistes d'un individu et vise à expliquer et théoriser des phénomènes psychiques ou comportementaux causés tout ou partie par de telles associations.

Implicit attitude

Implicit attitudes are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self. These evaluations are generally either favorable or unfavorable and come about from various influences in the individual experience. The commonly used definition of implicit attitude within cognitive and social psychology comes from Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji's template for definitions of terms related to implicit cognition: "Implicit attitudes are introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate favorable or unfavorable feeling, thought, or action toward social objects".

Biais (distorsion)

Dans diverses disciplines, un biais est une erreur systématique ou une simplification abusive. vignette|L'interprétation des formes aléatoires apparaissant à la surface de la Lune constitue un exemple courant de biais perceptuel causé par la paréidolie (processus tendant à discerner une forme familière parmi des formes aléatoires). Les biais peuvent être transmis implicitement avec le contexte culturel.

Implicit cognition

Implicit cognition refers to cognitive processes that occur outside conscious awareness or conscious control. This includes domains such as learning, perception, or memory which may influence a person's behavior without their conscious awareness of those influences. Implicit cognition is everything one does and learns unconsciously or without any awareness that one is doing it. An example of implicit cognition could be when a person first learns to ride a bike: at first they are aware that they are learning the required skills.