Diagonalevignette|Le segment [D'B'] est une diagonale du carré A'B'C'D'.[D'B'] et [A'C] sont tous deux des diagonales du cube ci-dessus. On appelle diagonale d'un polygone tout segment reliant deux sommets non consécutifs (non reliés par un côté). Un polygone à n côtés possède donc diagonales. Un quadrilatère est un parallélogramme si, et seulement si, ses diagonales se croisent en leur milieu. On appelle diagonale de l'espace une diagonale d'un polytope, diagonale de l'espace principale une diagonale principale d'un polytope, diagonale de l'espace brisée une diagonale brisée d'un hypercube.
Space diagonalIn geometry, a space diagonal (also interior diagonal or body diagonal) of a polyhedron is a line connecting two vertices that are not on the same face. Space diagonals contrast with face diagonals, which connect vertices on the same face (but not on the same edge) as each other. For example, a pyramid has no space diagonals, while a cube (shown at right) or more generally a parallelepiped has four space diagonals. An axial diagonal is a space diagonal that passes through the center of a polyhedron.
Degree of an algebraic varietyIn mathematics, the degree of an affine or projective variety of dimension n is the number of intersection points of the variety with n hyperplanes in general position. For an algebraic set, the intersection points must be counted with their intersection multiplicity, because of the possibility of multiple components. For (irreducible) varieties, if one takes into account the multiplicities and, in the affine case, the points at infinity, the hypothesis of general position may be replaced by the much weaker condition that the intersection of the variety has the dimension zero (that is, consists of a finite number of points).
MultiensembleUn multiensemble (parfois appelé sac, de l'anglais bag utilisé comme synonyme de multiset) est une sorte d'ensemble dans lequel chaque élément peut apparaître plusieurs fois. C'est une généralisation de la notion d'ensemble : un ensemble ordinaire est un multiensemble dans lequel chaque élément apparaît au plus une seule fois ; ce qu'impose, pour les ensembles usuels, l'axiome d'extensionnalité. On nomme multiplicité d'un élément donné le nombre de fois où il apparaît.
Intersection numberIn mathematics, and especially in algebraic geometry, the intersection number generalizes the intuitive notion of counting the number of times two curves intersect to higher dimensions, multiple (more than 2) curves, and accounting properly for tangency. One needs a definition of intersection number in order to state results like Bézout's theorem. The intersection number is obvious in certain cases, such as the intersection of the x- and y-axes in a plane, which should be one.
Intersection theoryIn mathematics, intersection theory is one of the main branches of algebraic geometry, where it gives information about the intersection of two subvarieties of a given variety. The theory for varieties is older, with roots in Bézout's theorem on curves and elimination theory. On the other hand, the topological theory more quickly reached a definitive form. There is yet an ongoing development of intersection theory. Currently the main focus is on: virtual fundamental cycles, quantum intersection rings, Gromov-Witten theory and the extension of intersection theory from schemes to stacks.
