DéfinitionUne définition est une proposition qui met en équivalence un élément définissant et un élément étant défini. Une définition a pour but de clarifier, d'expliquer. Elle détermine les limites ou « un ensemble de traits qui circonscrivent un objet ». Selon les Définitions du pseudo-Platon, la définition est la . Aristote, dans le Topiques, définit le mot comme En mathématiques, on définit une notion à partir de notions antérieurement définies. Les notions de bases étant les symboles non logiques du langage considéré, dont l'usage est défini par les axiomes de la théorie.
Traitement du signalLe traitement du signal est la discipline qui développe et étudie les techniques de traitement, d'analyse et d' des . Parmi les types d'opérations possibles sur ces signaux, on peut dénoter le contrôle, le filtrage, la compression et la transmission de données, la réduction du bruit, la déconvolution, la prédiction, l'identification, la classification Bien que cette discipline trouve son origine dans les sciences de l'ingénieur (particulièrement l'électronique et l'automatique), elle fait aujourd'hui largement appel à de nombreux domaines des mathématiques, comme la , les processus stochastiques, les espaces vectoriels et l'algèbre linéaire et des mathématiques appliquées, notamment la théorie de l'information, l'optimisation ou encore l'analyse numérique.
Lexical definitionThe lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, is the definition closely matching the meaning of the term in common usage. As its other name implies, this is the sort of definition one is likely to find in the dictionary. A lexical definition is usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey information to the widest audience.
Forme d'ondeLa forme d'onde d'un signal est la représentation graphique de l'évolution de l'amplitude instantanée d'une onde physique périodique ou aléatoire en fonction du temps. Il peut s'agir d'une onde mécanique ou d'une onde électromagnétique. La représentation d'une forme d'onde utilise le principe des coordonnées cartésiennes, avec le temps en abscisse et l'amplitude en ordonnée. Une forme d'onde peut être observée avec un oscilloscope à bande passante appropriée lorsqu'il s'agit d'un signal électrique direct ou issu de capteurs.
Circular definitionA circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term(s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic, lexicographic and linguistic. Circular definitions are related to Circular reasoning in that they both involve a self-referential approach. Circular definitions may be unhelpful if the audience must either already know the meaning of the key term, or if the term to be defined is used in the definition itself.
Theoretical definitionA theoretical definition defines a term in an academic discipline, functioning as a proposal to see a phenomenon in a certain way. A theoretical definition is a proposed way of thinking about potentially related events. Theoretical definitions contain built-in theories; they cannot be simply reduced to describing a set of observations. The definition may contain implicit inductions and deductive consequences that are part of the theory. A theoretical definition of a term can change, over time, based on the methods in the field that created it.
Time–frequency analysisIn signal processing, time–frequency analysis comprises those techniques that study a signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously, using various time–frequency representations. Rather than viewing a 1-dimensional signal (a function, real or complex-valued, whose domain is the real line) and some transform (another function whose domain is the real line, obtained from the original via some transform), time–frequency analysis studies a two-dimensional signal – a function whose domain is the two-dimensional real plane, obtained from the signal via a time–frequency transform.
Time–frequency representationA time–frequency representation (TFR) is a view of a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency. Time–frequency analysis means analysis into the time–frequency domain provided by a TFR. This is achieved by using a formulation often called "Time–Frequency Distribution", abbreviated as TFD. TFRs are often complex-valued fields over time and frequency, where the modulus of the field represents either amplitude or "energy density" (the concentration of the root mean square over time and frequency), and the argument of the field represents phase.
Filter bankIn signal processing, a filter bank (or filterbank) is an array of bandpass filters that separates the input signal into multiple components, each one carrying a single frequency sub-band of the original signal. One application of a filter bank is a graphic equalizer, which can attenuate the components differently and recombine them into a modified version of the original signal.
