Algebraic geometry of projective spacesThe concept of a Projective space plays a central role in algebraic geometry. This article aims to define the notion in terms of abstract algebraic geometry and to describe some basic uses of projective spaces. Let k be an algebraically closed field, and V be a finite-dimensional vector space over k. The symmetric algebra of the dual vector space V* is called the polynomial ring on V and denoted by k[V]. It is a naturally graded algebra by the degree of polynomials.
Géométrie complexeIn mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis.
Variété algébriqueUne variété algébrique est, de manière informelle, l'ensemble des racines communes d'un nombre fini de polynômes en plusieurs indéterminées. C'est l'objet d'étude de la géométrie algébrique. Les schémas sont des généralisations des variétés algébriques. Il y a deux points de vue (essentiellement équivalents) sur les variétés algébriques : elles peuvent être définies comme des schémas de type fini sur un corps (langage de Grothendieck), ou bien comme la restriction d'un tel schéma au sous-ensemble des points fermés.
Euler sequenceIn mathematics, the Euler sequence is a particular exact sequence of sheaves on n-dimensional projective space over a ring. It shows that the sheaf of relative differentials is stably isomorphic to an -fold sum of the dual of the Serre twisting sheaf. The Euler sequence generalizes to that of a projective bundle as well as a Grassmann bundle (see the latter article for this generalization.) Let be the n-dimensional projective space over a commutative ring A. Let be the sheaf of 1-differentials on this space, and so on.
Coherent sheaf cohomologyIn mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaf cohomology is a technique for producing functions with specified properties. Many geometric questions can be formulated as questions about the existence of sections of line bundles or of more general coherent sheaves; such sections can be viewed as generalized functions. Cohomology provides computable tools for producing sections, or explaining why they do not exist. It also provides invariants to distinguish one algebraic variety from another.
AlgèbreL'algèbre (de l’arabe الجبر, al-jabr) est une branche des mathématiques qui permet d'exprimer les propriétés des opérations et le traitement des équations et aboutit à l'étude des structures algébriques. Selon l’époque et le niveau d’études considérés, elle peut être décrite comme : une arithmétique généralisée, étendant à différents objets ou grandeurs les opérations usuelles sur les nombres ; la théorie des équations et des polynômes ; depuis le début du , l’étude des structures algébriques (on parle d'algèbre générale ou abstraite).
Stalk (sheaf)The stalk of a sheaf is a mathematical construction capturing the behaviour of a sheaf around a given point. Sheaves are defined on open sets, but the underlying topological space consists of points. It is reasonable to attempt to isolate the behavior of a sheaf at a single fixed point of . Conceptually speaking, we do this by looking at small neighborhoods of the point. If we look at a sufficiently small neighborhood of , the behavior of the sheaf on that small neighborhood should be the same as the behavior of at that point.
Ideal sheafIn algebraic geometry and other areas of mathematics, an ideal sheaf (or sheaf of ideals) is the global analogue of an ideal in a ring. The ideal sheaves on a geometric object are closely connected to its subspaces. Let X be a topological space and A a sheaf of rings on X. (In other words, (X, A) is a ringed space.) An ideal sheaf J in A is a subobject of A in the of sheaves of A-modules, i.e., a subsheaf of A viewed as a sheaf of abelian groups such that Γ(U, A) · Γ(U, J) ⊆ Γ(U, J) for all open subsets U of X.
Groupe algébriqueEn géométrie algébrique, la notion de groupe algébrique est un équivalent des groupes de Lie en géométrie différentielle ou complexe. Un groupe algébrique est une variété algébrique munie d'une loi de groupe compatible avec sa structure de variété algébrique. Un groupe algébrique sur un corps (commutatif) K est une variété algébrique sur munie : d'un morphisme de K-variétés algébriques (appelé aussi multiplication) .
Hodge structureIn mathematics, a Hodge structure, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is an algebraic structure at the level of linear algebra, similar to the one that Hodge theory gives to the cohomology groups of a smooth and compact Kähler manifold. Hodge structures have been generalized for all complex varieties (even if they are singular and non-complete) in the form of mixed Hodge structures, defined by Pierre Deligne (1970). A variation of Hodge structure is a family of Hodge structures parameterized by a manifold, first studied by Phillip Griffiths (1968).
Groupe de PicardEn géométrie algébrique, le groupe de Picard est un groupe associé à une variété algébrique ou plus généralement à un schéma. Il est en général isomorphe au groupe des diviseurs de Cartier. Si K est un corps de nombres, le groupe de Picard de l'anneau des entiers de K n'est autre que le groupe des classes de K. Pour les courbes algébriques et les variétés abéliennes, le groupe de Picard (ou plutôt le foncteur de Picard) permet de construire respectivement la jacobienne et la variété abélienne duale.
Algebraic operationIn mathematics, a basic algebraic operation is any one of the common operations of arithmetic, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a whole number power, and taking roots (fractional power). These operations may be performed on numbers, in which case they are often called arithmetic operations. They may also be performed, in a similar way, on variables, algebraic expressions, and more generally, on elements of algebraic structures, such as groups and fields.
