Private equity firmA private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout, venture capital, and growth capital. Often described as a financial sponsor, each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies.
Valeur mobilièreUne valeur mobilière est une catégorie d'instruments financiers (titres financiers ou contrats financiers), qui peut être soit un titre de propriété (action), soit un titre de créance (obligation), et qui confère des droits standardisés (droit au même coupon ou dividende, etc., pour une émission donnée ayant le même montant nominal). Les valeurs mobilières existaient dès le Moyen Âge et leur usage s'est renforcé au , comme en témoigne l'histoire des bourses de valeurs, qui a cependant surtout marqué une accélération à partir du premier tiers du .
Dette du tiers mondeLa dette du tiers monde est une dette extérieure contractée par les pays du tiers monde (le terme « tiers monde » est toujours employé, bien qu'on lui préfère désormais souvent d'autres expressions telles que « pays en voie de développement » (PVD) ou pays en développement (PED)) ou encore pays du Sud. Cette dette correspond tant à des prêts souverains (d'autres États, du FMI, de la Banque mondiale, etc.) que des financements privés (prêts bancaires, obligations placées auprès de fonds de placement...).
Sales managementSales management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of a firm's sales operations. It is an important business function as net sales, through the sale of products and services and resulting profit, drive most commercial business. These are also typically the goals and performance indicators of sales management. Sales manager is the typical title of someone whose role is sales management. The role typically involves talent development.
Sales presentationAs a selling technique, a sales presentation or sales pitch is a line of talk that attempts to persuade someone or something, with a planned sales presentation strategy of a product or service designed to initiate and close a sale of the product or service. A sales pitch is essentially designed to be either an introduction of a product or service to an audience who knows nothing about it, or a descriptive expansion of a product or service that an audience has already expressed interest in.
Hybrid securityHybrid securities are a broad group of securities that combine the characteristics of the two broader groups of securities, debt and equity. Hybrid securities pay a predictable (either fixed or floating) rate of return or dividend until a certain date, at which point the holder has a number of options, including converting the securities into the underlying share. Therefore, unlike with a share of stock (equity), the holder enjoys a predetermined (rather than residual) cash flow, and, unlike with a fixed interest security (debt), the holder enjoys an option to convert the security to the underlying equity.
Preferred stockPreferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares, or simply preferreds) is a component of share capital that may have any combination of features not possessed by common stock, including properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. Preferred stocks are senior (i.e., higher ranking) to common stock but subordinate to bonds in terms of claim (or rights to their share of the assets of the company, given that such assets are payable to the returnee stock bond) and may have priority over common stock (ordinary shares) in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation.
Equity derivativeIn finance, an equity derivative is a class of derivatives whose value is at least partly derived from one or more underlying equity securities. Options and futures are by far the most common equity derivatives, however there are many other types of equity derivatives that are actively traded. Option (finance) Equity options are the most common type of equity derivative. They provide the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a quantity of stock (1 contract = 100 shares of stock), at a set price (strike price), within a certain period of time (prior to the expiration date).
KickstarterKickstarter est une entreprise américaine de financement participatif . Créée en 2009 et précurseur dans le domaine, Kickstarter donne la possibilité aux internautes de financer des projets encore au stade d'idée, en réduisant les lourdeurs associées aux modes traditionnels d'investissement. Pour les investisseurs il ne s'agit pas d'un investissement au sens propre mais d'un « soutien », en échange duquel ils reçoivent des récompenses tangibles de la part de l'équipe (ou de la personne) chargée du projet, comme une lettre de remerciement, un tee-shirt personnalisé, un dîner avec un auteur, ou encore l'un des premiers produits d'une nouvelle chaîne de production.
Banquevignette|La banque Monte dei Paschi di Siena, plus vieille banque du monde. Une banque est une institution financière qui fournit des services bancaires, soit notamment de dépôt, de crédit et paiement. Le terme de banque peut désigner de façon générale le secteur bancaire. Les banques jouent un rôle essentiel dans la stabilité et le fonctionnement du système financier, et sont en général soumises à une importante surveillance prudentielle de la part de l'État.
S phaseS phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. G1/S transition Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling.
Cell growthCell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism). Cell growth is not to be confused with cell division or the cell cycle, which are distinct processes that can occur alongside cell growth during the process of cell proliferation, where a cell, known as the mother cell, grows and divides to produce two daughter cells.
