Génie civilLe génie civil représente l'ensemble des techniques de constructions civiles. Les ingénieurs civils ou ingénieurs en génie civil s’occupent de la conception, la réalisation, l’exploitation et la réhabilitation d’ouvrages de construction et d’infrastructures dont ils assurent la gestion afin de répondre aux besoins de la société, tout en assurant la sécurité du public et la protection de l’environnement. Très variées, leurs réalisations se répartissent principalement dans cinq grands domaines d’intervention : structures, géotechnique, hydraulique, transport, et environnement.
Construction managementConstruction management (CM) is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques and software to oversee the planning, design, construction and closeout of a project. The purpose of construction management is to control the quality of a project's scope, time / delivery and cost—sometimes referred to as a project management triangle or "triple constraints." CM is compatible with all project delivery systems, including design-bid-build, design-build, CM At-Risk and Public Private Partnerships.
Zone d'ombre (géologie)vignette| Zone d'ombre sismique (d'après l'USGS). Sur les stations sismiques situées entre 105° et 142° de distance angulaire à l'épicentre d'un séisme (soit de l'ordre de environ), on observe une zone d'ombre sismique, c'est-à-dire une zone dans laquelle aucune station n'enregistre d'ondes sismiques directes provenant d'un séisme. Au-delà de 142°, les ondes P réapparaissent mais elles ont subi une double réfraction sur la discontinuité de Gutenberg à de profondeur formant l'interface entre le manteau et le noyau, et leur énergie est plus faible.
Construction engineeringConstruction engineering, also known as construction operations, is a professional subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction, and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects. Construction engineers learn some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers as well as project management aspects.
Proportional representationProportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone - not just a bare plurality or (exclusively) the majority - and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast.
Matériau de constructionLes matériaux de construction sont des matériaux utilisés dans les secteurs de la construction : bâtiments et travaux publics (souvent désignés par le sigle BTP). Ils couvrent une vaste gamme des matériaux qui inclut principalement le bois, le verre, l'acier, l'aluminium, les textiles, les matières plastiques (isolants notamment) et les matériaux issus de la transformation de produits de carrières, qui peuvent être plus ou moins élaborés (incluant le béton et divers dérivés de l'argile tels que briques, tuiles, carrelages et divers éléments sanitaires).
Mixed-member proportional representationMixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a mixed electoral system in which votes are cast for both local elections and also for overall party vote tallies, which are used to allocate additional members to produce or deepen overall proportional representation. In some MMP systems, voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party. In Denmark and others, the single vote cast by the voter is used for both the local election (in a multi-member or single-seat district), and for the overall top-up.
Home constructionHome construction or residential construction is the process of constructing a house, apartment building, or similar residential building generally referred to as a 'home' when giving consideration to the people who might now or someday reside there. Beginning with simple pre-historic shelters, home construction techniques have evolved to produce the vast multitude of living accommodations available today. Different levels of wealth and power have warranted various sizes, luxuries, and even defenses in a "home".
Dual-member proportional representationDual-member proportional representation (DMP), also known as dual-member mixed proportional, is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two representatives in each of the region’s districts. The first seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting (FPTP). The second seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances.
Sismologiethumb|Station sismologique Basse-Terre au sommet du morne Mazeau en Guadeloupe. La sismologie ou séismologie (ce dernier est un anglicisme de seismology) est une discipline scientifique qui étudie les séismes (tremblements de terre) et la propagation des ondes élastiques (dites ondes sismiques) à l'intérieur de la Terre. La sismologie moderne utilise les concepts de la mécanique newtonienne appliqués à la connaissance de la Terre.
Soft story buildingA soft story building is a multi-story building in which one or more floors have windows, wide doors, large unobstructed commercial spaces, or other openings in places where a shear wall would normally be required for stability as a matter of earthquake engineering design. A typical soft story building is an apartment building of three or more stories located over a ground level with large openings, such as a parking garage or series of retail businesses with large windows.
Seismic sourceA seismic source is a device that generates controlled seismic energy used to perform both reflection and refraction seismic surveys. A seismic source can be simple, such as dynamite, or it can use more sophisticated technology, such as a specialized air gun. Seismic sources can provide single pulses or continuous sweeps of energy, generating seismic waves, which travel through a medium such as water or layers of rocks. Some of the waves then reflect and refract and are recorded by receivers, such as geophones or hydrophones.
