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Séance de cours

Reconnaissance d'entités nommées : applications et techniques

Concepts associés (26)

Python syntax and semantics

The syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java. However, there are some definite differences between the languages. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured, object-oriented programming, and functional programming, and boasts a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

Bibliothèque standard

vignette|Binario cropped Une bibliothèque standard pour un langage de programmation est une bibliothèque logicielle qui est utilisée dans toute implémentation de ce langage. Une bibliothèque standard peut inclure : Fonctions Macros Variables globales Classes Gabarits (templates) La plupart des bibliothèques standard incluent : des algorithmes (par exemple pour le tri) ; des structures de données (telles que les listes, les arbres et les tables de hachage) ; des routines d'entrées-sorties et d'appel système.

Algorithme espérance-maximisation

L'algorithme espérance-maximisation (en anglais expectation-maximization algorithm, souvent abrégé EM) est un algorithme itératif qui permet de trouver les paramètres du maximum de vraisemblance d'un modèle probabiliste lorsque ce dernier dépend de variables latentes non observables. Il a été proposé par Dempster et al. en 1977. De nombreuses variantes ont par la suite été proposées, formant une classe entière d'algorithmes.

Binary classification

Binary classification is the task of classifying the elements of a set into two groups (each called class) on the basis of a classification rule. Typical binary classification problems include: Medical testing to determine if a patient has certain disease or not; Quality control in industry, deciding whether a specification has been met; In information retrieval, deciding whether a page should be in the result set of a search or not. Binary classification is dichotomization applied to a practical situation.

Classification en classes multiples

In machine learning and statistical classification, multiclass classification or multinomial classification is the problem of classifying instances into one of three or more classes (classifying instances into one of two classes is called binary classification). While many classification algorithms (notably multinomial logistic regression) naturally permit the use of more than two classes, some are by nature binary algorithms; these can, however, be turned into multinomial classifiers by a variety of strategies.

Convolutional code

In telecommunication, a convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code that generates parity symbols via the sliding application of a boolean polynomial function to a data stream. The sliding application represents the 'convolution' of the encoder over the data, which gives rise to the term 'convolutional coding'. The sliding nature of the convolutional codes facilitates trellis decoding using a time-invariant trellis. Time invariant trellis decoding allows convolutional codes to be maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoded with reasonable complexity.