Completeness of the real numbersCompleteness is a property of the real numbers that, intuitively, implies that there are no "gaps" (in Dedekind's terminology) or "missing points" in the real number line. This contrasts with the rational numbers, whose corresponding number line has a "gap" at each irrational value. In the decimal number system, completeness is equivalent to the statement that any infinite string of decimal digits is actually a decimal representation for some real number.
Projectively extended real lineIn real analysis, the projectively extended real line (also called the one-point compactification of the real line), is the extension of the set of the real numbers, , by a point denoted ∞. It is thus the set with the standard arithmetic operations extended where possible, and is sometimes denoted by or The added point is called the point at infinity, because it is considered as a neighbour of both ends of the real line. More precisely, the point at infinity is the limit of every sequence of real numbers whose absolute values are increasing and unbounded.
NombreUn nombre est un concept permettant d’évaluer et de comparer des quantités ou des rapports de grandeurs, mais aussi d’ordonner des éléments en indiquant leur rang. Souvent écrits à l’aide d’un ou plusieurs chiffres, les nombres interagissent par le biais d’opérations qui sont résumées par des règles de calcul. Les propriétés de ces relations entre les nombres sont l’objet d’étude de l’arithmétique, qui se prolonge avec la théorie des nombres.
Nombre algébriqueUn nombre algébrique, en mathématiques, est un nombre complexe solution d'une équation polynomiale à coefficients dans le corps des rationnels (autrement dit racine d'un polynôme non nul à coefficients rationnels). Les nombres entiers et rationnels sont algébriques, ainsi que toutes les racines de ces nombres. Les nombres complexes qui ne sont pas algébriques, comme π et e (théorème de Lindemann-Weierstrass), sont dits transcendants. L'étude de ces nombres, de leurs polynômes minimaux et des corps qui les contiennent fait partie de la théorie de Galois.
Complete latticeIn mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet). A lattice which satisfies at least one of these properties is known as a conditionally complete lattice. Specifically, every non-empty finite lattice is complete. Complete lattices appear in many applications in mathematics and computer science. Being a special instance of lattices, they are studied both in order theory and universal algebra.
One-sided limitIn calculus, a one-sided limit refers to either one of the two limits of a function of a real variable as approaches a specified point either from the left or from the right. The limit as decreases in value approaching ( approaches "from the right" or "from above") can be denoted: The limit as increases in value approaching ( approaches "from the left" or "from below") can be denoted: If the limit of as approaches exists then the limits from the left and from the right both exist and are equal.
Partie bornéeEn mathématiques, la notion de partie bornée (ou, par raccourci, de borné) étend celle d'intervalle borné de réels à d'autres structures, notamment en topologie et en théorie des ordres. Selon les cas, la définition privilégie l'existence de bornes ponctuelles ou la négation de l'éloignement à l'infini. Une fonction bornée est une fonction dont l' est bornée dans l'ensemble d'arrivée. Un opérateur borné est un opérateur linéaire dont les images de bornés sont bornées également.
Join and meetIn mathematics, specifically order theory, the join of a subset of a partially ordered set is the supremum (least upper bound) of denoted and similarly, the meet of is the infimum (greatest lower bound), denoted In general, the join and meet of a subset of a partially ordered set need not exist. Join and meet are dual to one another with respect to order inversion. A partially ordered set in which all pairs have a join is a join-semilattice. Dually, a partially ordered set in which all pairs have a meet is a meet-semilattice.
