Screw axisA screw axis (helical axis or twist axis) is a line that is simultaneously the axis of rotation and the line along which translation of a body occurs. Chasles' theorem shows that each Euclidean displacement in three-dimensional space has a screw axis, and the displacement can be decomposed into a rotation about and a slide along this screw axis. Plücker coordinates are used to locate a screw axis in space, and consist of a pair of three-dimensional vectors. The first vector identifies the direction of the axis, and the second locates its position.
Coronal planeThe coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes. The coronal plane is an example of a longitudinal plane. For a human, the mid-coronal plane would transect a standing body into two halves (front and back, or anterior and posterior) in an imaginary line that cuts through both shoulders.
Coupe sagittaleThe sagittal plane (ˈsædʒɪtəl; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divide it into two equal parts (mid-sagittal), or away from the midline and divide it into unequal parts (para-sagittal). The term sagittal was coined by Gerard of Cremona. Examples of sagittal planes include: The terms median plane or mid-sagittal plane are sometimes used to describe the sagittal plane running through the midline.
Sine and cosineIn mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that of the hypotenuse. For an angle , the sine and cosine functions are denoted simply as and .
Transverse planeThe transverse plane (also known as the horizontal plane, axial plane and transaxial plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes. Transverse thoracic plane Xiphosternal plane (or xiphosternal junction) Transpyloric plane Subcostal plane Umbilical plane (or transumbilical plane) Supracristal plane Intertubercular plane (or transtubercular plane) Interspinous plane The transverse thoracic plane Plane through T4 & T5 vertebral junction and sternal angle of Louis.
Coiffe des rotateursvignette|upright=1.2| 13. correspond à la longue portion du triceps 3. correspond au muscle grand dorsal 5. correspond au muscle grand rond 6. correspond au muscle petit rond 7. correspond au muscle supra-épineux 8. correspond au muscle infra-épineux La coiffe des rotateurs est un ensemble de tendons de muscles situé au niveau de l'articulation de l'épaule. Elle a un rôle important dans la stabilisation de l'articulation gléno-humérale, instable par nature.
Dynamique de rotationLa rotation d'un système est un cas particulier de mouvement important notamment de par ses applications industrielles (machines tournantes) mais aussi sur un plan plus fondamental pour la dynamique dans un référentiel tournant, dont le cas le plus important est donné par la dynamique terrestre. Dans un système matériel, d'après la loi des actions mutuelles (autrefois action et réaction) de Newton (cf lois du mouvement de Newton, énoncées en 1687), le torseur des forces intérieures au système est nul.
Tendinopathie de la coiffe des rotateursLa tendinopathie ou tendinite de la coiffe des rotateurs est une maladie touchant l'épaule. Aussi appelée épaule douloureuse simple, la TCR correspond à l'apparition de tendinites des muscles de la coiffe des rotateurs. Ces tendinites peuvent être d'origine mécanique ou dégénérative, et peuvent provenir d'un surmenage (hypersollicitation de l'épaule). Les symptômes sont proches en cas d'atteinte des muscles eux-mêmes ou de la bourse sous-acromiale (bursite). C'est la cause la plus fréquente des douleurs de l'épaule et son incidence augmente avec l'âge.
