Optimizing compilerIn computing, an optimizing compiler is a compiler that tries to minimize or maximize some attributes of an executable computer program. Common requirements are to minimize a program's execution time, memory footprint, storage size, and power consumption (the last three being popular for portable computers). Compiler optimization is generally implemented using a sequence of optimizing transformations, algorithms which take a program and transform it to produce a semantically equivalent output program that uses fewer resources or executes faster.
Reaching definitionIn compiler theory, a reaching definition for a given instruction is an earlier instruction whose target variable can reach (be assigned to) the given one without an intervening assignment. For example, in the following code: d1 : y := 3 d2 : x := y d1 is a reaching definition for d2. In the following, example, however: d1 : y := 3 d2 : y := 4 d3 : x := y d1 is no longer a reaching definition for d3, because d2 kills its reach: the value defined in d1 is no longer available and cannot reach d3.
Data-flow analysisData-flow analysis is a technique for gathering information about the possible set of values calculated at various points in a computer program. A program's control-flow graph (CFG) is used to determine those parts of a program to which a particular value assigned to a variable might propagate. The information gathered is often used by compilers when optimizing a program. A canonical example of a data-flow analysis is reaching definitions.
Optimisation de codeEn programmation informatique, l'optimisation de code est la pratique consistant à améliorer l'efficacité du code informatique d'un programme ou d'une bibliothèque logicielle. Ces améliorations permettent généralement au programme résultant de s'exécuter plus rapidement, de prendre moins de place en mémoire, de limiter sa consommation de ressources (par exemple les fichiers), ou de consommer moins d'énergie électrique. La règle numéro un de l'optimisation est qu'elle ne doit intervenir qu'une fois que le programme fonctionne et répond aux spécifications fonctionnelles.
Peephole optimizationPeephole optimization is an optimization technique performed on a small set of compiler-generated instructions; the small set is known as the peephole or window. Peephole optimization involves changing the small set of instructions to an equivalent set that has better performance.
Optimisation de boucleIn compiler theory, loop optimization is the process of increasing execution speed and reducing the overheads associated with loops. It plays an important role in improving cache performance and making effective use of parallel processing capabilities. Most execution time of a scientific program is spent on loops; as such, many compiler optimization techniques have been developed to make them faster. Since instructions inside loops can be executed repeatedly, it is frequently not possible to give a bound on the number of instruction executions that will be impacted by a loop optimization.
Interprocedural optimizationInterprocedural optimization (IPO) is a collection of compiler techniques used in computer programming to improve performance in programs containing many frequently used functions of small or medium length. IPO differs from other compiler optimizations by analyzing the entire program as opposed to a single function or block of code. IPO seeks to reduce or eliminate duplicate calculations and inefficient use of memory and to simplify iterative sequences such as loops.
Use-define chainWithin computer science, a Use-Definition Chain (UD Chain) is a data structure that consists of a use, U, of a variable, and all the definitions, D, of that variable that can reach that use without any other intervening definitions. A UD Chain generally means the assignment of some value to a variable. A counterpart of a UD Chain is a Definition-Use Chain (DU Chain), which consists of a definition, D, of a variable and all the uses, U, reachable from that definition without any other intervening definitions.
Object code optimizerAn object code optimizer, sometimes also known as a post pass optimizer or, for small sections of code, peephole optimizer, forms part of a software compiler. It takes the output from the source language compile step - the object code or - and tries to replace identifiable sections of the code with replacement code that is more algorithmically efficient (usually improved speed). The earliest "COBOL Optimizer" was developed by Capex Corporation in the mid 1970s for COBOL.
Allocation de registresDans un compilateur, l'allocation de registres est une étape importante de la génération de code. Elle vise à choisir judicieusement dans quel registre du processeur seront enregistrées les variables durant l'exécution du programme que l'on compile. Les registres sont des mémoires internes au processeur, généralement capables de contenir un mot machine. Les opérations sur des valeurs rangées dans des registres sont plus rapides que celles sur des valeurs en mémoire vive, quand ce ne sont pas les seules possibles.
Expression régulièrevignette|Stephen Cole Kleene, dont les travaux ont fondé le concept d'expression régulière. En informatique, une expression régulière ou expression rationnelle ou expression normale ou motif est une chaîne de caractères qui décrit, selon une syntaxe précise, un ensemble de chaînes de caractères possibles. Les expressions régulières sont également appelées regex (un mot-valise formé depuis l'anglais regular expression). Les expressions rationnelles sont issues des théories mathématiques des langages formels des années 1940.
Fermeture (informatique)Dans un langage de programmation, une fermeture ou clôture () est une fonction accompagnée de son environnement lexical. L'environnement lexical d'une fonction est l'ensemble des variables non locales qu'elle a capturées, soit par valeur (c'est-à-dire par copie des valeurs des variables), soit par référence (c'est-à-dire par copie des adresses mémoires des variables). Une fermeture est donc créée, entre autres, lorsqu'une fonction est définie dans le corps d'une autre fonction et utilise des paramètres ou des variables locales de cette dernière.
Dataflow programmingIn computer programming, dataflow programming is a programming paradigm that models a program as a directed graph of the data flowing between operations, thus implementing dataflow principles and architecture. Dataflow programming languages share some features of functional languages, and were generally developed in order to bring some functional concepts to a language more suitable for numeric processing. Some authors use the term datastream instead of dataflow to avoid confusion with dataflow computing or dataflow architecture, based on an indeterministic machine paradigm.
DataflowIn computing, dataflow is a broad concept, which has various meanings depending on the application and context. In the context of software architecture, data flow relates to stream processing or reactive programming. Dataflow computing is a software paradigm based on the idea of representing computations as a directed graph, where nodes are computations and data flow along the edges. Dataflow can also be called stream processing or reactive programming. There have been multiple data-flow/stream processing languages of various forms (see Stream processing).
Parsing expression grammarIn computer science, a parsing expression grammar (PEG) is a type of analytic formal grammar, i.e. it describes a formal language in terms of a set of rules for recognizing strings in the language. The formalism was introduced by Bryan Ford in 2004 and is closely related to the family of top-down parsing languages introduced in the early 1970s. Syntactically, PEGs also look similar to context-free grammars (CFGs), but they have a different interpretation: the choice operator selects the first match in PEG, while it is ambiguous in CFG.
Lambda liftingLambda lifting is a meta-process that restructures a computer program so that functions are defined independently of each other in a global scope. An individual "lift" transforms a local function into a global function. It is a two step process, consisting of; Eliminating free variables in the function by adding parameters. Moving functions from a restricted scope to broader or global scope. The term "lambda lifting" was first introduced by Thomas Johnsson around 1982 and was historically considered as a mechanism for implementing functional programming languages.
Portée (informatique)En informatique, la portée (scope en anglais) d'un identifiant est l'étendue au sein de laquelle cet identifiant est lié. Cette portée peut être lexicale ou dynamique. Portée lexicale Une portée lexicale est définie par une portion du code source. Au sein de cette portion, l'identifiant n'a qu'une seule liaison. Un identifiant à portée globale est lié dans l'ensemble du code source (parfois seulement après sa déclaration ou sa définition). Dans de nombreux langages de programmation, toutes les fonctions ont une portée globale (exemple : C).
Equation solvingIn mathematics, to solve an equation is to find its solutions, which are the values (numbers, functions, sets, etc.) that fulfill the condition stated by the equation, consisting generally of two expressions related by an equals sign. When seeking a solution, one or more variables are designated as unknowns. A solution is an assignment of values to the unknown variables that makes the equality in the equation true. In other words, a solution is a value or a collection of values (one for each unknown) such that, when substituted for the unknowns, the equation becomes an equality.
Ensemble flouLa théorie des sous-ensembles flous est une théorie mathématique du domaine de l’algèbre abstraite. Elle a été développée par Lotfi Zadeh en 1965 afin de représenter mathématiquement l'imprécision relative à certaines classes d'objets et sert de fondement à la logique floue. Les sous-ensembles flous (ou parties floues) ont été introduits afin de modéliser la représentation humaine des connaissances, et ainsi améliorer les performances des systèmes de décision qui utilisent cette modélisation.
String operationsIn computer science, in the area of formal language theory, frequent use is made of a variety of string functions; however, the notation used is different from that used for computer programming, and some commonly used functions in the theoretical realm are rarely used when programming. This article defines some of these basic terms. A string is a finite sequence of characters. The empty string is denoted by . The concatenation of two string and is denoted by , or shorter by . Concatenating with the empty string makes no difference: .
