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Séance de cours

Catalyse : Absorption de surface et liaison moléculaire

Concepts associés (25)

Nanomaterial-based catalyst

Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to enhance the catalytic process. Metal nanoparticles have high surface area, which can increase catalytic activity. Nanoparticle catalysts can be easily separated and recycled. They are typically used under mild conditions to prevent decomposition of the nanoparticles. Functionalized metal nanoparticles are more stable toward solvents compared to non-functionalized metal nanoparticles.

Tension superficielle

vignette|et aux gerridés de se déplacer à la surface d'une mare. La tension superficielle est un phénomène physico-chimique lié aux interactions moléculaires d'un fluide. Elle résulte de l'augmentation de l'énergie à l'interface entre deux fluides. Le système tend vers un équilibre qui correspond à la configuration de plus basse énergie, il modifie donc sa géométrie pour diminuer l'aire de cette interface. La force qui maintient le système dans cette configuration est la tension superficielle.

Chemisorption

Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate. New chemical bonds are generated at the adsorbent surface. Examples include macroscopic phenomena that can be very obvious, like corrosion, and subtler effects associated with heterogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst and reactants are in different phases. The strong interaction between the adsorbate and the substrate surface creates new types of electronic bonds.

Interaction forte

thumb|250px|alt=Représentation des quarks dans un proton : deux quarks Up et un quark Down, chacun d'un couleur différente, liés par l'interaction forte.|L'interaction forte lie les quarks dans les nucléons, ici dans un proton. L'interaction forte, ou force forte, appelée parfois force de couleur, ou interaction nucléaire forte, est l'une des trois interactions entre particules élémentaires de la matière dans le modèle standard aux côtés de l'interaction électromagnétique et de l'interaction faible.

Surface

A surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of sight and touch, and is the portion with which other materials first interact. The surface of an object is more than "a mere geometric solid", but is "filled with, spread over by, or suffused with perceivable qualities such as color and warmth".