Purely functional data structureIn computer science, a purely functional data structure is a data structure that can be directly implemented in a purely functional language. The main difference between an arbitrary data structure and a purely functional one is that the latter is (strongly) immutable. This restriction ensures the data structure possesses the advantages of immutable objects: (full) persistency, quick copy of objects, and thread safety. Efficient purely functional data structures may require the use of lazy evaluation and memoization.
Randomness testA randomness test (or test for randomness), in data evaluation, is a test used to analyze the distribution of a set of data to see whether it can be described as random (patternless). In stochastic modeling, as in some computer simulations, the hoped-for randomness of potential input data can be verified, by a formal test for randomness, to show that the data are valid for use in simulation runs. In some cases, data reveals an obvious non-random pattern, as with so-called "runs in the data" (such as expecting random 0–9 but finding "4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1.
Passive data structureIn computer science and object-oriented programming, a passive data structure (PDS), also termed a plain old data structure or plain old data (POD), is a record, in contrast with objects. It is a data structure that is represented only as passive collections of field values (instance variables), without using object-oriented features. Passive data structures are appropriate when there is a part of a system where it should be clearly indicated that the detailed logic for data manipulation and integrity are elsewhere.
/dev/randomDans les systèmes d'exploitation de type Unix, /dev/random est un fichier spécial qui sert de générateur de nombres aléatoires (ou éventuellement de générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires). Il utilise comme source d'aléa certaines données de l'environnement recueillies auprès de pilotes de périphériques et d'autres sources, et les traite à l'aide de fonctions de hachage cryptographiques. La lecture du fichier est bloquée quand l'activité du système (entropie) n'est pas suffisante.
History of PythonPython (programming language) The programming language Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to ABC capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL).
Sécurité des systèmes d'informationalt=Data center du provider CyberBunker |vignette|Centre de données du fournisseur d'accès . La sécurité des systèmes d’information (SSI) ou plus simplement sécurité informatique, est l’ensemble des moyens techniques, organisationnels, juridiques et humains nécessaires à la mise en place de moyens visant à empêcher l'utilisation non autorisée, le mauvais usage, la modification ou le détournement du système d'information. Assurer la sécurité du système d'information est une activité du management du système d'information.
International securityInternational security is a term which refers to the measures taken by states and international organizations, such as the United Nations, European Union, and others, to ensure mutual survival and safety. These measures include military action and diplomatic agreements such as treaties and conventions. International and national security are invariably linked. International security is national security or state security in the global arena. By the end of World War II, a new subject of academic study, security studies, focusing on international security emerged.
Security guardA security guard (also known as a security inspector, security officer, factory guard, or protective agent) is a person employed by a government or private party to protect the employing party's assets (property, people, equipment, money, etc.) from a variety of hazards (such as crime, waste, damages, unsafe worker behavior, etc.) by enforcing preventative measures.
Security agencyA security agency is a governmental organization that conducts intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation. They are the domestic cousins of foreign intelligence agencies, and typically conduct counterintelligence to thwart other countries' foreign intelligence efforts. For example, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the internal intelligence, security and law enforcement agency, while the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an external intelligence service, which deals primarily with intelligence collection overseas.
Sécurité InternetLa sécurité Internet est une branche de la sécurité informatique spécifiquement liés à l'Internet, impliquant souvent la sécurité du navigateur web, mais aussi la sécurité du réseau à un niveau plus général, car il s'applique à d'autres applications et au système d'exploitation dans son ensemble. Son objectif est d'établir des règles et des mesures visant à contrer les attaques sur Internet. L'Internet représente un canal non sécurisé pour l'échange d'informations conduisant à un risque élevé d'intrusion ou de fraude, tels que l'hameçonnage.
Tableau (structure de données)En informatique, un tableau est une structure de données représentant une séquence finie d'éléments auxquels on peut accéder efficacement par leur position, ou indice, dans la séquence. C'est un type de conteneur que l'on retrouve dans un grand nombre de langages de programmation. Dans les langages à typage statique (comme C, Java et OCaml), tous les éléments d’un tableau doivent être du même type. Certains langages à typage dynamique (tels APL et Python) permettent des tableaux hétérogènes.
Information security auditAn information security audit is an audit of the level of information security in an organization. It is an independent review and examination of system records, activities, and related documents. These audits are intended to improve the level of information security, avoid improper information security designs, and optimize the efficiency of the security safeguards and security processes. Within the broad scope of auditing information security there are multiple types of audits, multiple objectives for different audits, etc.
