Atmosphère terrestreLatmosphère terrestre est l'enveloppe gazeuse, entourant la Terre, que l'on appelle air. L'air sec se compose à 78,087 % de diazote, à 20,95 % de dioxygène, à 0,93 % d'argon, à 0,041 % de dioxyde de carbone, et de traces d'autres gaz. L'atmosphère protège la vie sur Terre en filtrant le rayonnement solaire ultraviolet, en réchauffant la surface par la rétention de chaleur (effet de serre) et en réduisant partiellement les écarts de température entre le jour et la nuit.
Smart antennaSmart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas, which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays.
Satellite artificielthumb|Le satellite météorologique GOES-O avant son lancement en orbite géostationnaire. Un satellite artificiel est un objet fabriqué par l'être humain, envoyé dans l'espace à l'aide d'un lanceur et gravitant autour d'une planète ou d'un satellite naturel comme la Lune. La vitesse imprimée par le lanceur au satellite lui permet de se maintenir pratiquement indéfiniment dans l'espace en décrivant une orbite autour du corps céleste.
Television antennaA television antenna (TV aerial) is an antenna specifically designed for use with a television receiver (TV) to receive over-the-air broadcast television signals from a television station. Television reception is dependent upon the antenna as well as the transmitter. Terrestrial television is broadcast on frequencies from about 47 to 250 MHz in the very high frequency (VHF) band, and 470 to 960 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band in different countries.
Satellite dishA satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite. The term most commonly means a dish which receives direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit. Parabolic antennas referred to as "dish" antennas had been in use long before satellite television. The term satellite dish was coined in 1978 during the beginning of the satellite television industry, and came to refer to dish antennas that send and/or receive signals from communications satellites.
Aperture (antenna)In electromagnetics and antenna theory, the aperture of an antenna is defined as "A surface, near or on an antenna, on which it is convenient to make assumptions regarding the field values for the purpose of computing fields at external points. The aperture is often taken as that portion of a plane surface near the antenna, perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation, through which the major part of the radiation passes.
Satellite d'observation de la Terrethumb|Maquette du satellite ERS-2 (European Remote-Sensing Satellite), lancé en 1995. Un satellite d'observation de la Terre est un satellite artificiel utilisé pour effectuer des observations géophysiques et géographiques de la Terre depuis l'orbite terrestre. Cette catégorie de satellite est utilisée dans des applications telles que la météorologie, l'inventaire des ressources naturelles, la géodésie, l'étude et la modélisation du climat, la prévention et le suivi des catastrophes naturelles, la reconnaissance militaire.
