Inflammationvignette|Un abcès sur la peau, montrant une zone rougie correspondant à l’inflammation. Un cercle de tissus nécrosés est présent ainsi que du pus. vignette|droite|Orteil infecté présentant une inflammation aiguë (rougeur et œdème). L'inflammation est la réaction stéréotypée du système immunitaire, face à une agression externe (infection, trauma, brûlure, allergie) ou interne (cellules cancéreuses) des tissus. C'est un processus dit ubiquitaire ou universel qui concerne tous les tissus, faisant intervenir l'immunité innée et l'immunité adaptative.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseasesAn immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is any of a group of conditions or diseases that lack a definitive etiology, but which are characterized by common inflammatory pathways leading to inflammation, and which may result from, or be triggered by, a dysregulation of the normal immune response. All IMIDs can cause end organ damage, and are associated with increased morbidity and/or mortality.
Cellule présentatrice d'antigèneUne cellule présentatrice d'antigène ou CPA (en anglais, antigen-presenting cell ou APC) est une cellule du système immunitaire qui présente des parties d'éléments intrus à des lymphocytes T. Il peut s’agir de monocytes, de macrophages, de lymphocytes B ou de cellules dendritiques. Les molécules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité (CMH) sont au cœur de ce processus. Des chaînes polypeptidiques (antigènes) du corps étranger sont présentées par le CMH de classe II, toujours associé au CMH de classe I, qui joue le rôle de carte d'identité corporelle.
Hépatite auto-immuneL’hépatite auto-immune se définit comme une maladie inflammatoire chronique du foie de cause inconnue, pouvant survenir à tout âge. En l’absence de traitement, cette inflammation peut être responsable de nécrose, de fibrose et de cirrhose. L’hépatite auto-immune est associée presque toujours à des anomalies de l’immunité sous forme d’auto-anticorps, d’augmentation des gammaglobulines sériques. Il s'agit d'une maladie rare, avec une incidence annuelle variant suivant les régions entre 0.
Complement deficiencyComplement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins. Because of redundancies in the immune system, many complement disorders are never diagnosed. Some studies estimate that less than 10% are identified. Hypocomplementemia may be used more generally to refer to decreased complement levels, while secondary complement disorder means decreased complement levels that are not directly due to a genetic cause but secondary to another medical condition.
DiaporamaUn diaporama est un document destiné à être projeté sur un écran, soit sous forme d'une succession de diapositives lors d'une présentation orale, soit sous forme audiovisuelle intégrant une bande sonore. Depuis la disponibilité de vidéoprojecteurs, on appelle aussi couramment « diaporama » une conférence appuyée sur un document établi à l'aide de logiciel de présentation tels qu'Impress de LibreOffice ou Apache OpenOffice, ou Beamer, libres et gratuits, ou Microsoft PowerPoint, logiciel propriétaire, qu'il s'agisse d'une conférence professionnelle ou d'un spectacle public composé uniquement de photographies.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the circulation. The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a few days in serious cases. The intracellular components of the RBCs are released into the circulating blood and into tissues, leading to some of the characteristic symptoms of this condition.
T cell deficiencyT cell deficiency is a deficiency of T cells, caused by decreased function of individual T cells, it causes an immunodeficiency of cell-mediated immunity. T cells normal function is to help with the human body's immunity, they are one of the two primary types of lymphocytes(the other being B cells). Presentations differ among causes, but T cell insufficiency generally manifests as unusually severe common viral infections (respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus), diarrhea, and eczematous or erythrodermatous rashes.
Presentation slideA slide is a single page of a presentation. Collectively, a group of slides may be known as a slide deck. A slide show is an exposition of a series of slides or images in an electronic device or in a projection screen. Before the advent of the personal computer, a presentation slide could be a 35 mm slide viewed with a slide projector or a transparency viewed with an overhead projector. In the digital age, a slide most commonly refers to a single page developed using a presentation program such as MS PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Google Slides, Apache OpenOffice or LibreOffice.
AutoimmunityIn immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, post-infectious IBS, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and multiple sclerosis (MS).
Humoral immune deficiencyHumoral immune deficiencies are conditions which cause impairment of humoral immunity, which can lead to immunodeficiency. It can be mediated by insufficient number or function of B cells, the plasma cells they differentiate into, or the antibody secreted by the plasma cells. The most common such immunodeficiency is inherited selective IgA deficiency, occurring between 1 in 100 and 1 in 1000 persons, depending on population. They are associated with increased vulnerability to infection, but can be difficult to detect (or asymptomatic) in the absence of infection.
Complement component 1qThe complement component 1q (or simply C1q) is a protein complex involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system. C1q together with C1r and C1s form the C1 complex. Antibodies of the adaptive immune system can bind antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex. When C1q binds antigen-antibody complexes, the C1 complex becomes activated. Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway of the complement system.
