Goal settingGoal setting involves the development of an action plan designed in order to motivate and guide a person or group toward a goal. Goals are more deliberate than desires and momentary intentions. Therefore, setting goals means that a person has committed thought, emotion, and behavior towards attaining the goal. In doing so, the goal setter has established a desired future state which differs from their current state thus creating a mismatch which in turn spurs future actions.
ZielA goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines. A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value. Goal setting Goal-setting theory was formulated based on empirical research and has been called one of the most important theories in organizational psychology.
Goal orientationGoal orientation, or achievement orientation, is an "individual disposition towards developing or validating one's ability in achievement settings". In general, an individual can be said to be mastery or performance oriented, based on whether one's goal is to develop one's ability or to demonstrate one's ability, respectively. A mastery orientation is also sometimes referred to as a learning orientation. Goal orientation refers to how an individual interprets and reacts to tasks, resulting in different patterns of cognition, affect and behavior.
ComportementLe terme « comportement » désigne les actions d'un être vivant. Il a été introduit en psychologie française en 1908 par Henri Piéron comme équivalent français de l'anglais-américain behavior. On l'utilise notamment en éthologie (humaine et animale) ou en psychologie expérimentale. Il peut aussi être pris comme équivalent de conduite dans l'approche psychanalytique. Le comportement d'un être vivant est la partie de son activité qui se manifeste à un observateur.
Économie comportementaleL'économie comportementale est un champ de la science économique qui étudie le comportement des êtres humains dans les situations économiques. L'un des principaux objectifs de l'économie comportementale est notamment de décrire et d'expliquer pourquoi, dans certaines situations, les êtres humains adoptent un comportement qui peut sembler paradoxal ou non rationnel, c'est-à-dire contraire à ce que prédirait la théorie de l'Homo œconomicus.
Comportement humainvignette| Les Homo Sapiens (humains) affichent souvent différents types de comportement. Le comportement humain est la capacité potentielle et exprimée (mentalement, physiquement et socialement) d'individus ou de groupes humains à répondre à des stimuli internes et externes tout au long de leur vie. Alors que les traits spécifiques de la personnalité, du tempérament et de la génétique peuvent rester stables, d'autres comportements changent à mesure que l'on passe entre les étapes de la vie, c'est-à-dire de la naissance à l'adolescence, à l'âge adulte et, par exemple, à la parentalité et à la retraite.
Organizational citizenship behaviorIn industrial and organizational psychology, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a person's voluntary commitment within an organization or company that is not part of his or her contractual tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior has been studied since the late 1970s. Over the past three decades, interest in these behaviors has increased substantially. Organizational behavior has been linked to overall organizational effectiveness, thus these types of employee behaviors have important consequences in the workplace.
Job performanceJob performance assesses whether a person performs a job well. Job performance, studied academically as part of industrial and organizational psychology, also forms a part of human resources management. Performance is an important criterion for organizational outcomes and success. John P. Campbell describes job performance as an individual-level variable, or something a single person does. This differentiates it from more encompassing constructs such as organizational performance or national performance, which are higher-level variables.
Créativitéthumb|Créativité artistique, scientifique, technologique, organisationnelle, etc. se combinent dans ce tableau montrant l'exhumation des restes d'un Mastodonte. Toile de Charles Willson Peale, 1806. La créativité est, , la capacité d'un individu à imaginer et mettre en œuvre un concept neuf, un objet nouveau ou à découvrir une solution originale à un problème.
