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Séance de cours

Replique Symmetry Breaking: Solution complète et condensation

Dans cours

PHYS-642: Statistical physics for optimization & learning

This course covers the statistical physics approach to computer science problems, with an emphasis on heuristic & rigorous mathematical technics, ranging from graph theory and constraint satisfaction to inference to machine learning, neural networks and st ...

Description

Cette séance de cours s'inscrit dans le phénomène de rupture de la réplique dans le modèle d'énergie aléatoire, explorant la complexité de l'entropie de configuration et le calcul des états entre les niveaux d'énergie, conduisant à une solution complète et au concept de condensation.

Enseignant·e·s (2)

Florent Gérard Krzakala

Lenka Zdeborová

Lenka Zdeborová is a Professor of Physics and of Computer Science in École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne where she leads the Statistical Physics of Computation Laboratory. She received a PhD in physics from University Paris-Sud and from Charles University in Prague in 2008. She spent two years in the Los Alamos National Laboratory as the Director's Postdoctoral Fellow. Between 2010 and 2020 she was a researcher at CNRS working in the Institute of Theoretical Physics in CEA Saclay, France. In 2014, she was awarded the CNRS bronze medal, in 2016 Philippe Meyer prize in theoretical physics and an ERC Starting Grant, in 2018 the Irène Joliot-Curie prize, in 2021 the Gibbs lectureship of AMS. She is an editorial board member for Journal of Physics A, Physical Review E, Physical Review X, SIMODS, Machine Learning: Science and Technology, and Information and Inference. Lenka's expertise is in applications of concepts from statistical physics, such as advanced mean field methods, replica method and related message-passing algorithms, to problems in machine learning, signal processing, inference and optimization. She enjoys erasing the boundaries between theoretical physics, mathematics and computer science.

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Concepts associés (32)

Entropie (thermodynamique)

L'entropie est une grandeur physique qui caractérise le degré de désorganisation d'un système. Introduite en 1865 par Rudolf Clausius, elle est nommée à partir du grec , littéralement « action de se retourner » pris au sens de « action de se transformer ». En thermodynamique, l'entropie est une fonction d'état extensive (c'est-à-dire, proportionnelle à la quantité de matière dans le système considéré). Elle est généralement notée , et dans le Système international d'unités elle s'exprime en joules par kelvin ().

Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)

The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that certain spontaneous processes are irreversible or impossible. In statistical mechanics, entropy is formulated as a statistical property using probability theory. The statistical entropy perspective was introduced in 1870 by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who established a new field of physics that provided the descriptive linkage between the macroscopic observation of nature and the microscopic view based on the rigorous treatment of large ensembles of microstates that constitute thermodynamic systems.

Entropy (classical thermodynamics)

In classical thermodynamics, entropy () is a property of a thermodynamic system that expresses the direction or outcome of spontaneous changes in the system. The term was introduced by Rudolf Clausius in the mid-19th century to explain the relationship of the internal energy that is available or unavailable for transformations in form of heat and work. Entropy predicts that certain processes are irreversible or impossible, despite not violating the conservation of energy.

Computational complexity

In computer science, the computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus is given to computation time (generally measured by the number of needed elementary operations) and memory storage requirements. The complexity of a problem is the complexity of the best algorithms that allow solving the problem. The study of the complexity of explicitly given algorithms is called analysis of algorithms, while the study of the complexity of problems is called computational complexity theory.

Configuration entropy

In statistical mechanics, configuration entropy is the portion of a system's entropy that is related to discrete representative positions of its constituent particles. For example, it may refer to the number of ways that atoms or molecules pack together in a mixture, alloy or glass, the number of conformations of a molecule, or the number of spin configurations in a magnet. The name might suggest that it relates to all possible configurations or particle positions of a system, excluding the entropy of their velocity or momentum, but that usage rarely occurs.

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Séances de cours associées (47)

Réplique Symmétrie Breaking: REM

Explore Replica Symmetry Breaking in the Random Energy Model, se concentrant sur l'entropie et les états de probabilité.

Lunettes de spin et holographie

Explore la connexion entre les lunettes de spin et l'holographie, en se concentrant sur le désordre, le modèle SYK, et l'effet quantique papillon.

Coloration graphique: aléatoire vs symétrique

Comparer la coloration aléatoire et symétrique des graphiques en termes de coloration et d'équilibre des amas.

Minimisation de l'énergie dans les systèmes biologiques: modèles d'équilibre

Couvre les modèles de minimisation de l'énergie dans les systèmes biologiques, en se concentrant sur l'équilibre et les rôles de l'entropie et de l'hydrophobicité.

Problème de satisfaction des contraintes

Couvre le problème de satisfaction des contraintes aléatoires et explore des méthodes pour résoudre les problèmes de satisfaction des contraintes.

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Concepts associés (32)

Entropie (thermodynamique)

Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)

Entropy (classical thermodynamics)

Computational complexity

Configuration entropy

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