Ratio distributionA ratio distribution (also known as a quotient distribution) is a probability distribution constructed as the distribution of the ratio of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable Z that is formed as the ratio Z = X/Y is a ratio distribution. An example is the Cauchy distribution (also called the normal ratio distribution), which comes about as the ratio of two normally distributed variables with zero mean.
Génie industrielSelon l'American Institute of Industrial Engineers, « Le génie industriel englobe la conception, l'amélioration et l'installation de systèmes intégrés. Il utilise les connaissances provenant des sciences mathématiques, physiques et sociales, ainsi que les principes et méthodes propres au “génie” ou, à l'art de l'ingénieur, dans le but de spécifier, prédire et évaluer les résultats découlant de ces systèmes. » On peut résumer tous les domaines qui touchent au génie industriel par la phrase : « Optimisation des performances globales de l'entreprise.
Correlation coefficientA correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. The variables may be two columns of a given data set of observations, often called a sample, or two components of a multivariate random variable with a known distribution. Several types of correlation coefficient exist, each with their own definition and own range of usability and characteristics. They all assume values in the range from −1 to +1, where ±1 indicates the strongest possible agreement and 0 the strongest possible disagreement.
Dirichlet-multinomial distributionIn probability theory and statistics, the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution is a family of discrete multivariate probability distributions on a finite support of non-negative integers. It is also called the Dirichlet compound multinomial distribution (DCM) or multivariate Pólya distribution (after George Pólya). It is a compound probability distribution, where a probability vector p is drawn from a Dirichlet distribution with parameter vector , and an observation drawn from a multinomial distribution with probability vector p and number of trials n.
Engineering managementEngineering management is the application of the practice of management to the practice of engineering. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving ability of engineering and the organizational, administrative, legal and planning abilities of management in order to oversee the operational performance of complex engineering-driven enterprises. A Master of Engineering Management (MEM) is sometimes compared to a Master of Business Administration (MBA) for professionals seeking a graduate degree as a qualifying credential for a career in engineering management.
Financial risk managementFinancial risk management is the practice of protecting economic value in a firm by managing exposure to financial risk - principally operational risk, credit risk and market risk, with more specific variants as listed aside. As for risk management more generally, financial risk management requires identifying the sources of risk, measuring these, and crafting plans to address them. See for an overview. Financial risk management as a "science" can be said to have been born with modern portfolio theory, particularly as initiated by Professor Harry Markowitz in 1952 with his article, "Portfolio Selection"; see .
Loi de StudentEn théorie des probabilités et en statistique, la loi de Student est une loi de probabilité, faisant intervenir le quotient entre une variable suivant une loi normale centrée réduite et la racine carrée d'une variable distribuée suivant la loi du χ. Elle est notamment utilisée pour les tests de Student, la construction d'intervalle de confiance et en inférence bayésienne. Soit Z une variable aléatoire de loi normale centrée et réduite et soit U une variable indépendante de Z et distribuée suivant la loi du χ à k degrés de liberté.
Modèle de mélangeIn statistics, a mixture model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set should identify the sub-population to which an individual observation belongs. Formally a mixture model corresponds to the mixture distribution that represents the probability distribution of observations in the overall population.
U2U2 est un groupe rock irlandais originaire de Dublin, formé en 1976. Il est composé de Bono au chant et occasionnellement à la guitare ; The Edge à la guitare, au piano et au chant ; Adam Clayton à la basse ; et Larry Mullen Jr. à la batterie. Depuis les années 1980, U2 s'impose comme un groupe majeur sur la scène mondiale. Il est notamment connu pour les albums War, The Unforgettable Fire, The Joshua Tree, Achtung Baby, Zooropa, Pop et All That You Can't Leave Behind.
Accent circonflexeL’accent circonflexe ‹ ◌̂ › (du latin circumflexus, « fléchi autour ») est un diacritique de l’alphabet latin hérité de l’accent circonflexe grec. C’est, graphiquement, la réunion d’un accent aigu et d’un accent grave. Il fait ses premières apparitions dans les langues modernes en français au . En 1560, l'imprimeur tourangeau Plantin systématise l'usage de l'accent circonflexe pour remplacer le s (comme dans tête pour teste). Il existe un autre symbole diacritique similaire à l'accent circonflexe, le caron.
Romanian alphabetThe Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters, five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language: The letters Q (chiu), W (dublu v), and Y (igrec or i grec, meaning "Greek i") were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier.
Pairwise independenceIn probability theory, a pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent. Any collection of mutually independent random variables is pairwise independent, but some pairwise independent collections are not mutually independent. Pairwise independent random variables with finite variance are uncorrelated. A pair of random variables X and Y are independent if and only if the random vector (X, Y) with joint cumulative distribution function (CDF) satisfies or equivalently, their joint density satisfies That is, the joint distribution is equal to the product of the marginal distributions.
